Recycling of PET Bottles Into Different Types of Building Materials: A Review
In this globalized era, building materials play an essential role in the civil engineering field. Nowadays, with the increase in population, the demand for construction activities is also increasing. Polyethylene (PET) bottles are among the most widely used materials and cause an abundance of non-de...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Polish Academy of Sciences
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Archives of Metallurgy and Materials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/122522/PDF/AMM-2022-1-23-Kadir.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811313402789756928 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan Aeslina Abdul Kadir Intan Seri Izzora Arzlan Mohd Razali Md Tomari Noor Azizi Mardi Mohd Fahrul Hassan Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah M. Nabiałek B. Jeż |
| author_facet | Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan Aeslina Abdul Kadir Intan Seri Izzora Arzlan Mohd Razali Md Tomari Noor Azizi Mardi Mohd Fahrul Hassan Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah M. Nabiałek B. Jeż |
| author_sort | Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this globalized era, building materials play an essential role in the civil engineering field. Nowadays, with the increase in population, the demand for construction activities is also increasing. Polyethylene (PET) bottles are among the most widely used materials and cause an abundance of non-degradable waste, at about 0.94 million tonnes in Malaysia. One of the alternatives to reduce this waste's environmental impact is to incorporate it inside building materials such as brick and concrete. As PET bottles' recycling is highly promoted, the physical and mechanical properties of building materials made from PET bottles have also been reviewed. The data analysis shows that the compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and density of building materials decreases as the percentage of PET waste increases. However, other properties such as water absorption, initial absorption rate, and firing shrinkage increase proportionally with the PET waste. Besides, heavy metals in these building materials comply with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards. It can be concluded that the percentage of PET waste incorporated into brick and concrete must be less than 5% and 2%, respectively, to produce suitable materials to provide alternatives in reducing and recycling PET waste. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:53:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-389da0eafae54057b8f4800aaf6e94c5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2300-1909 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T10:53:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Polish Academy of Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Metallurgy and Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-389da0eafae54057b8f4800aaf6e94c52022-12-22T02:49:36ZengPolish Academy of SciencesArchives of Metallurgy and Materials2300-19092022-02-01vol. 67No 1189196https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2022.137488Recycling of PET Bottles Into Different Types of Building Materials: A ReviewMohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2604-934XAeslina Abdul Kadir1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-8744Intan Seri Izzora Arzlan2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-3487Mohd Razali Md Tomari3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9850-7445Noor Azizi Mardi4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-1061Mohd Fahrul Hassan5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-6735Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-8586M. Nabiałek7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6585-3918B. Jeż8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-5946Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Electric and Electronic, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Electric and Electronic, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MalaysiaFaculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, MalaysiaCenter of Excellent Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), MalaysiaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 19,42-200 CzęstochowaDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 19,42-200 CzęstochowaIn this globalized era, building materials play an essential role in the civil engineering field. Nowadays, with the increase in population, the demand for construction activities is also increasing. Polyethylene (PET) bottles are among the most widely used materials and cause an abundance of non-degradable waste, at about 0.94 million tonnes in Malaysia. One of the alternatives to reduce this waste's environmental impact is to incorporate it inside building materials such as brick and concrete. As PET bottles' recycling is highly promoted, the physical and mechanical properties of building materials made from PET bottles have also been reviewed. The data analysis shows that the compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and density of building materials decreases as the percentage of PET waste increases. However, other properties such as water absorption, initial absorption rate, and firing shrinkage increase proportionally with the PET waste. Besides, heavy metals in these building materials comply with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standards. It can be concluded that the percentage of PET waste incorporated into brick and concrete must be less than 5% and 2%, respectively, to produce suitable materials to provide alternatives in reducing and recycling PET waste.https://journals.pan.pl/Content/122522/PDF/AMM-2022-1-23-Kadir.pdfpet bottleswaste recyclingfired clay brickconcreteenvironmental management |
| spellingShingle | Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan Aeslina Abdul Kadir Intan Seri Izzora Arzlan Mohd Razali Md Tomari Noor Azizi Mardi Mohd Fahrul Hassan Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah M. Nabiałek B. Jeż Recycling of PET Bottles Into Different Types of Building Materials: A Review Archives of Metallurgy and Materials pet bottles waste recycling fired clay brick concrete environmental management |
| title | Recycling of PET Bottles Into Different Types of Building Materials: A Review |
| title_full | Recycling of PET Bottles Into Different Types of Building Materials: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Recycling of PET Bottles Into Different Types of Building Materials: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recycling of PET Bottles Into Different Types of Building Materials: A Review |
| title_short | Recycling of PET Bottles Into Different Types of Building Materials: A Review |
| title_sort | recycling of pet bottles into different types of building materials a review |
| topic | pet bottles waste recycling fired clay brick concrete environmental management |
| url | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/122522/PDF/AMM-2022-1-23-Kadir.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohdikhmalhaqeemhassan recyclingofpetbottlesintodifferenttypesofbuildingmaterialsareview AT aeslinaabdulkadir recyclingofpetbottlesintodifferenttypesofbuildingmaterialsareview AT intanseriizzoraarzlan recyclingofpetbottlesintodifferenttypesofbuildingmaterialsareview AT mohdrazalimdtomari recyclingofpetbottlesintodifferenttypesofbuildingmaterialsareview AT noorazizimardi recyclingofpetbottlesintodifferenttypesofbuildingmaterialsareview AT mohdfahrulhassan recyclingofpetbottlesintodifferenttypesofbuildingmaterialsareview AT mohdmustafaalbakriabdullah recyclingofpetbottlesintodifferenttypesofbuildingmaterialsareview AT mnabiałek recyclingofpetbottlesintodifferenttypesofbuildingmaterialsareview AT bjez recyclingofpetbottlesintodifferenttypesofbuildingmaterialsareview |