Insights of Improved Aroma under Additional Nitrogen Application at Booting Stage in Fragrant Rice
Plant mineral nutrition substantially affects the growth, yield and quality of rice, whereas nitrogen (N) application contributes significantly in this regard. Undoubtedly, N application improves rice aroma biosynthesis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of grain 2-acetyl-1-...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2092 |
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| author | Gegen Bao Suihua Huang Umair Ashraf Jingxuan Qiao Axiang Zheng Qi Zhou Lin Li Xiaorong Wan |
| author_facet | Gegen Bao Suihua Huang Umair Ashraf Jingxuan Qiao Axiang Zheng Qi Zhou Lin Li Xiaorong Wan |
| author_sort | Gegen Bao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plant mineral nutrition substantially affects the growth, yield and quality of rice, whereas nitrogen (N) application contributes significantly in this regard. Undoubtedly, N application improves rice aroma biosynthesis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of grain 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) biosynthesis in the presence of nitrogen application at the booting stage has remained largely unexplored. The present study examined the effects of three N levels, i.e., 0 g per pot (N0), 0.43 g per pot (N1) and 0.86 g per pot (N2) on intermediates, enzymes and genes involved in 2-AP biosynthesis, as well as on the yield of two fragrant rice cultivars <i>viz</i>, Meixiangzhan2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan. N was additionally applied at the booting stage. The results depicted that the levels of precursor, such as proline, and the activity of enzymes involved in 2-AP biosynthesis, such as Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and diamine oxidase (DAO), and <i>P5CS1</i> gene expression were comparatively higher under N1 than N0 in both fragrant rice cultivars. Moreover, the N2 treatment increased the grain panicle<sup>−1</sup>, filled grain percentage and grain yield of both rice cultivars, while the grain yield of Meixiangzhan2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan was increased by 15.87% and 12.09%, respectively, under N2 compared to N1 treatment. Hence, 0.43 g per pot of N showed positive performances in yield and aroma accumulation in fragrant rice and should be further employed in the practice and production for better cultivation in the rice market. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:03:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-38a1c7beea5641f2bf3cf2e84eb808132023-11-24T04:49:39ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-11-011311209210.3390/genes13112092Insights of Improved Aroma under Additional Nitrogen Application at Booting Stage in Fragrant RiceGegen Bao0Suihua Huang1Umair Ashraf2Jingxuan Qiao3Axiang Zheng4Qi Zhou5Lin Li6Xiaorong Wan7Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Innovative Institute for Modern Seed Industry, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaInstitute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaDepartment of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, PakistanGuangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Innovative Institute for Modern Seed Industry, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaCollege of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaGuangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Innovative Institute for Modern Seed Industry, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaGuangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Innovative Institute for Modern Seed Industry, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaGuangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Innovative Institute for Modern Seed Industry, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, ChinaPlant mineral nutrition substantially affects the growth, yield and quality of rice, whereas nitrogen (N) application contributes significantly in this regard. Undoubtedly, N application improves rice aroma biosynthesis; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of grain 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) biosynthesis in the presence of nitrogen application at the booting stage has remained largely unexplored. The present study examined the effects of three N levels, i.e., 0 g per pot (N0), 0.43 g per pot (N1) and 0.86 g per pot (N2) on intermediates, enzymes and genes involved in 2-AP biosynthesis, as well as on the yield of two fragrant rice cultivars <i>viz</i>, Meixiangzhan2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan. N was additionally applied at the booting stage. The results depicted that the levels of precursor, such as proline, and the activity of enzymes involved in 2-AP biosynthesis, such as Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and diamine oxidase (DAO), and <i>P5CS1</i> gene expression were comparatively higher under N1 than N0 in both fragrant rice cultivars. Moreover, the N2 treatment increased the grain panicle<sup>−1</sup>, filled grain percentage and grain yield of both rice cultivars, while the grain yield of Meixiangzhan2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan was increased by 15.87% and 12.09%, respectively, under N2 compared to N1 treatment. Hence, 0.43 g per pot of N showed positive performances in yield and aroma accumulation in fragrant rice and should be further employed in the practice and production for better cultivation in the rice market.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2092fragrant rice2-acetyl-1-pyrrolinenitrogen |
| spellingShingle | Gegen Bao Suihua Huang Umair Ashraf Jingxuan Qiao Axiang Zheng Qi Zhou Lin Li Xiaorong Wan Insights of Improved Aroma under Additional Nitrogen Application at Booting Stage in Fragrant Rice Genes fragrant rice 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline nitrogen |
| title | Insights of Improved Aroma under Additional Nitrogen Application at Booting Stage in Fragrant Rice |
| title_full | Insights of Improved Aroma under Additional Nitrogen Application at Booting Stage in Fragrant Rice |
| title_fullStr | Insights of Improved Aroma under Additional Nitrogen Application at Booting Stage in Fragrant Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights of Improved Aroma under Additional Nitrogen Application at Booting Stage in Fragrant Rice |
| title_short | Insights of Improved Aroma under Additional Nitrogen Application at Booting Stage in Fragrant Rice |
| title_sort | insights of improved aroma under additional nitrogen application at booting stage in fragrant rice |
| topic | fragrant rice 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline nitrogen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/11/2092 |
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