Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis
Persistent infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesions. Moreover, HPV is also associated with oropharynx and other anogenital carcinomas. Cancer-causing HPV viruses classified as group 1 carcinogens include 12 HPV types, wit...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/13/3038 |
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| author | Gabriel Viliod Vieira Fernanda Somera dos Santos Ana Paula Lepique Carol Kobori da Fonseca Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva Silvana Maria Quintana Katiuchia Uzzun Sales |
| author_facet | Gabriel Viliod Vieira Fernanda Somera dos Santos Ana Paula Lepique Carol Kobori da Fonseca Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva Silvana Maria Quintana Katiuchia Uzzun Sales |
| author_sort | Gabriel Viliod Vieira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Persistent infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesions. Moreover, HPV is also associated with oropharynx and other anogenital carcinomas. Cancer-causing HPV viruses classified as group 1 carcinogens include 12 HPV types, with HPV 16 and 18 being the most prevalent. High-risk HPVs express two oncoproteins, E6 and E7, the products of which are responsible for the inhibition of p53 and pRB proteins, respectively, in human keratinocytes and cellular immortalization. p53 and pRB are pleiotropic proteins that regulate the activity of several signaling pathways and gene expression. Among the important factors that are augmented in HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, proteases not only control processes involved in cellular carcinogenesis but also control the microenvironment. For instance, genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) are associated with carcinoma invasiveness. Similarly, the serine protease inhibitors hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) and -2 (HAI-2) have been identified as prognostic markers for HPV-dependent cervical carcinomas. This review highlights the most crucial mechanisms involved in HPV-dependent carcinogenesis, and includes a section on the proteolytic cascades that are important for the progression of this disease and their impact on patient health, treatment, and survival. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:04:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38b583f88dd3439e91bef13b9b6b7725 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:04:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-38b583f88dd3439e91bef13b9b6b77252023-11-23T19:43:21ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-06-011413303810.3390/cancers14133038Proteases and HPV-Induced CarcinogenesisGabriel Viliod Vieira0Fernanda Somera dos Santos1Ana Paula Lepique2Carol Kobori da Fonseca3Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini4Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva5Silvana Maria Quintana6Katiuchia Uzzun Sales7Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, BrazilDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, SP, BrazilPersistent infection with Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesions. Moreover, HPV is also associated with oropharynx and other anogenital carcinomas. Cancer-causing HPV viruses classified as group 1 carcinogens include 12 HPV types, with HPV 16 and 18 being the most prevalent. High-risk HPVs express two oncoproteins, E6 and E7, the products of which are responsible for the inhibition of p53 and pRB proteins, respectively, in human keratinocytes and cellular immortalization. p53 and pRB are pleiotropic proteins that regulate the activity of several signaling pathways and gene expression. Among the important factors that are augmented in HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, proteases not only control processes involved in cellular carcinogenesis but also control the microenvironment. For instance, genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) are associated with carcinoma invasiveness. Similarly, the serine protease inhibitors hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) and -2 (HAI-2) have been identified as prognostic markers for HPV-dependent cervical carcinomas. This review highlights the most crucial mechanisms involved in HPV-dependent carcinogenesis, and includes a section on the proteolytic cascades that are important for the progression of this disease and their impact on patient health, treatment, and survival.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/13/3038HPVcarcinogenesisproteasescervical canceranogenital canceroropharyngeal cancer |
| spellingShingle | Gabriel Viliod Vieira Fernanda Somera dos Santos Ana Paula Lepique Carol Kobori da Fonseca Lara Maria Alencar Ramos Innocentini Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva Silvana Maria Quintana Katiuchia Uzzun Sales Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis Cancers HPV carcinogenesis proteases cervical cancer anogenital cancer oropharyngeal cancer |
| title | Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis |
| title_full | Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis |
| title_short | Proteases and HPV-Induced Carcinogenesis |
| title_sort | proteases and hpv induced carcinogenesis |
| topic | HPV carcinogenesis proteases cervical cancer anogenital cancer oropharyngeal cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/13/3038 |
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