Gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophrenia
Objective: This article aims to investigate the gender differences in positive mental health among outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: 142 outpatients (aged 21–65 years) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital. They were administered the followi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2017-04-01
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| Series: | Comprehensive Psychiatry |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X16303716 |
| _version_ | 1818312997621202944 |
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| author | Anitha Jeyagurunathan Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar Edimansyah Abdin Rajeswari Sambasivam Esmond Seow Shirlene Pang Louisa Picco Siow Ann Chong Mythily Subramaniam |
| author_facet | Anitha Jeyagurunathan Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar Edimansyah Abdin Rajeswari Sambasivam Esmond Seow Shirlene Pang Louisa Picco Siow Ann Chong Mythily Subramaniam |
| author_sort | Anitha Jeyagurunathan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: This article aims to investigate the gender differences in positive mental health among outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: 142 outpatients (aged 21–65 years) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital. They were administered the following instruments: The Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered from interviews with the participants as well as from their medical records. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were performed to investigate the gender differences in PMH total and domain-specific scores. Association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with PMH was furthered explored in men and women independently using multiple linear regression analyses using backward stepwise method. Results: PMH total score and Emotional Support (ES) and Global Affect (GA) sub-scale scores were significantly higher among women vs men (PMH = 4.41 vs 4.07, p value = 0.01 and domains ES = 4.56 vs 3.84, p value < 0.01 and GA = 4.44 vs 4.02, p value = 0.01), given that the men and women samples did not differ significantly in their socio-demographic and clinical profiles. After adjusting for all covariates, men with no formal/ primary education were significantly associated with lower PMH total score than those with higher (secondary, A level, pre-university) education. Men belonging to Malay ethnic group had significant higher PMH total score compared to men of Chinese ethnicity. Among the women samples, those with depression as measured by PHQ-8 had significantly lower scores in the PMH total score and higher GAF score was associated with significantly higher scores in PMH total score. Conclusions: This study identified gender differences in PMH of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders whereby women had higher PMH total score and domain scores than men. The study also identified factors associated with PMH which can aid in designing gender appropriate mental health interventions. Keywords: Men, Women, Outpatients, Schizophrenia, Positive mental health |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:26:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38b9e630ced743f3af50a0e98638b854 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0010-440X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T08:26:44Z |
| publishDate | 2017-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Comprehensive Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-38b9e630ced743f3af50a0e98638b8542022-12-21T23:53:52ZengElsevierComprehensive Psychiatry0010-440X2017-04-01748895Gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophreniaAnitha Jeyagurunathan0Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar1Edimansyah Abdin2Rajeswari Sambasivam3Esmond Seow4Shirlene Pang5Louisa Picco6Siow Ann Chong7Mythily Subramaniam8Corresponding author at: Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore 539747. Tel.: +65 6389 2579; fax: +65 63432795.; Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, SingaporeResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, SingaporeResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, SingaporeResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, SingaporeResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, SingaporeResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, SingaporeResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, SingaporeResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, SingaporeResearch Division, Institute of Mental Health, SingaporeObjective: This article aims to investigate the gender differences in positive mental health among outpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: 142 outpatients (aged 21–65 years) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital. They were administered the following instruments: The Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7, and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were gathered from interviews with the participants as well as from their medical records. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were performed to investigate the gender differences in PMH total and domain-specific scores. Association of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics with PMH was furthered explored in men and women independently using multiple linear regression analyses using backward stepwise method. Results: PMH total score and Emotional Support (ES) and Global Affect (GA) sub-scale scores were significantly higher among women vs men (PMH = 4.41 vs 4.07, p value = 0.01 and domains ES = 4.56 vs 3.84, p value < 0.01 and GA = 4.44 vs 4.02, p value = 0.01), given that the men and women samples did not differ significantly in their socio-demographic and clinical profiles. After adjusting for all covariates, men with no formal/ primary education were significantly associated with lower PMH total score than those with higher (secondary, A level, pre-university) education. Men belonging to Malay ethnic group had significant higher PMH total score compared to men of Chinese ethnicity. Among the women samples, those with depression as measured by PHQ-8 had significantly lower scores in the PMH total score and higher GAF score was associated with significantly higher scores in PMH total score. Conclusions: This study identified gender differences in PMH of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders whereby women had higher PMH total score and domain scores than men. The study also identified factors associated with PMH which can aid in designing gender appropriate mental health interventions. Keywords: Men, Women, Outpatients, Schizophrenia, Positive mental healthhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X16303716 |
| spellingShingle | Anitha Jeyagurunathan Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar Edimansyah Abdin Rajeswari Sambasivam Esmond Seow Shirlene Pang Louisa Picco Siow Ann Chong Mythily Subramaniam Gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophrenia Comprehensive Psychiatry |
| title | Gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophrenia |
| title_full | Gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophrenia |
| title_fullStr | Gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophrenia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophrenia |
| title_short | Gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophrenia |
| title_sort | gender differences in positive mental health among individuals with schizophrenia |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X16303716 |
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