Evolution of Adaptive Variation in the Mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>: Multiple Independent Origins of Insecticide Resistance Mutations
Insecticide resistance is an informative model for studying the appearance of adaptive traits. Simultaneously, understanding how many times resistance mutations originate is essential to design effective resistance management. In the mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>, target–site resistance...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/8/676 |
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| author | Valentina Mastrantonio Daniele Porretta Valentina Lucchesi Nurper Güz Naciye Sena Çağatay Romeo Bellini John Vontas Sandra Urbanelli |
| author_facet | Valentina Mastrantonio Daniele Porretta Valentina Lucchesi Nurper Güz Naciye Sena Çağatay Romeo Bellini John Vontas Sandra Urbanelli |
| author_sort | Valentina Mastrantonio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insecticide resistance is an informative model for studying the appearance of adaptive traits. Simultaneously, understanding how many times resistance mutations originate is essential to design effective resistance management. In the mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>, target–site resistance to the insecticide diflubenzuron (DFB) has been recently found in Italian and Turkish populations. Three point mutations confer it at the codon 1043 of the chitin synthase 1 gene (<i>chs-1</i>): I1043L, I1043M, and I1043F. Whether the resistant mutations originated independently from different susceptible alleles or sequentially from resistant alleles and whether resistant alleles from Italy and Turkey have originated once or multiple times remain unresolved. Here, we sequenced a fragment of the <i>chs-1</i> gene carrying the resistant mutations and inferred the phylogenetic relationships among susceptible and resistant alleles. Confirming previous findings, we found the three mutations in Italy and the I1043M in Turkey. Notably, the I1043F was also found for the first time in Turkish samples, highlighting the need for extensive monitoring activities. Phylogenetic analyses are consistent with an independent origin of the I1043F, I1043M, and I1043L mutations from different susceptible alleles and with multiple independent origins of the Italian and Turkish I1043M and I1043F alleles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:42:42Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:42:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-38c2fe09a63b46d1acd757420b536c102023-11-22T08:06:53ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502021-07-0112867610.3390/insects12080676Evolution of Adaptive Variation in the Mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>: Multiple Independent Origins of Insecticide Resistance MutationsValentina Mastrantonio0Daniele Porretta1Valentina Lucchesi2Nurper Güz3Naciye Sena Çağatay4Romeo Bellini5John Vontas6Sandra Urbanelli7Department of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyMolecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, TurkeyMolecular Entomology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, TurkeyMedical and Veterinary Entomology Department, Centro Agricoltura Ambiente “G. Nicoli”, 40014 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Crop Science, Pesticide Science Lab, Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyInsecticide resistance is an informative model for studying the appearance of adaptive traits. Simultaneously, understanding how many times resistance mutations originate is essential to design effective resistance management. In the mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>, target–site resistance to the insecticide diflubenzuron (DFB) has been recently found in Italian and Turkish populations. Three point mutations confer it at the codon 1043 of the chitin synthase 1 gene (<i>chs-1</i>): I1043L, I1043M, and I1043F. Whether the resistant mutations originated independently from different susceptible alleles or sequentially from resistant alleles and whether resistant alleles from Italy and Turkey have originated once or multiple times remain unresolved. Here, we sequenced a fragment of the <i>chs-1</i> gene carrying the resistant mutations and inferred the phylogenetic relationships among susceptible and resistant alleles. Confirming previous findings, we found the three mutations in Italy and the I1043M in Turkey. Notably, the I1043F was also found for the first time in Turkish samples, highlighting the need for extensive monitoring activities. Phylogenetic analyses are consistent with an independent origin of the I1043F, I1043M, and I1043L mutations from different susceptible alleles and with multiple independent origins of the Italian and Turkish I1043M and I1043F alleles.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/8/676insecticide resistancevector controlinsect growth regulatorsChitin synthase |
| spellingShingle | Valentina Mastrantonio Daniele Porretta Valentina Lucchesi Nurper Güz Naciye Sena Çağatay Romeo Bellini John Vontas Sandra Urbanelli Evolution of Adaptive Variation in the Mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>: Multiple Independent Origins of Insecticide Resistance Mutations Insects insecticide resistance vector control insect growth regulators Chitin synthase |
| title | Evolution of Adaptive Variation in the Mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>: Multiple Independent Origins of Insecticide Resistance Mutations |
| title_full | Evolution of Adaptive Variation in the Mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>: Multiple Independent Origins of Insecticide Resistance Mutations |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of Adaptive Variation in the Mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>: Multiple Independent Origins of Insecticide Resistance Mutations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of Adaptive Variation in the Mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>: Multiple Independent Origins of Insecticide Resistance Mutations |
| title_short | Evolution of Adaptive Variation in the Mosquito <i>Culex pipiens</i>: Multiple Independent Origins of Insecticide Resistance Mutations |
| title_sort | evolution of adaptive variation in the mosquito i culex pipiens i multiple independent origins of insecticide resistance mutations |
| topic | insecticide resistance vector control insect growth regulators Chitin synthase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/8/676 |
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