Multifocality in Testicular Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations and Prognostic Implications
There are limited data regarding the significance of multifocality in testicular cancer patients. This study evaluated the relationship between multifocality and clinicopathological features determined at the time of radical orchiectomy. The study involved 280 consecutive patients who underwent radi...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/2/257 |
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| author | Uros Bumbasirevic Milos Petrovic Milica Zekovic Vesna Coric Bogomir Milojevic Nikola Lisicic David Obucina Nenad Vasilic Petar Bulat Marko Zivkovic Milica Cekerevac Nebojsa Bojanic Aleksandar Janicic |
| author_facet | Uros Bumbasirevic Milos Petrovic Milica Zekovic Vesna Coric Bogomir Milojevic Nikola Lisicic David Obucina Nenad Vasilic Petar Bulat Marko Zivkovic Milica Cekerevac Nebojsa Bojanic Aleksandar Janicic |
| author_sort | Uros Bumbasirevic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There are limited data regarding the significance of multifocality in testicular cancer patients. This study evaluated the relationship between multifocality and clinicopathological features determined at the time of radical orchiectomy. The study involved 280 consecutive patients who underwent radical orchiectomy between 2018 and 2023. Multifocality was defined as a distinct tumor focus characterized by a group of malignant cells > 1 mm, clearly differentiated from the primary tumor mass. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate the association between multifocality and histopathological parameters along with potential risk factors for clinical stages II + III. Multifocality was identified in 44 (15.7%) patients. Significantly smaller primary tumors were observed in subjects with multifocality (20.0 mm vs. 30.0 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.0001), while those exhibiting monofocality presented a markedly elevated rate of tumors exceeding 4 cm (40.3% vs. 18.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Furthermore, multifocality was associated with a significantly higher rate of primary tumors < 2 cm (52.3% vs. 29.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed a substantial decrease in the likelihood of multifocality occurrence in seminoma patients with tumors > 4 cm (OR = 0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.017). Meanwhile, in multivariate logistic regression, multifocality did not emerge as a significant risk factor for clinical stages II + III in either seminoma (<i>p</i> = 0.381) or non-seminoma (<i>p</i> = 0.672) cases. Our study suggests that multifocality holds no substantial prognostic relevance for clinically advanced disease in testicular cancer patients. The findings indicate that multifocality is associated with smaller primary tumors, particularly those measuring less than 2 cm. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:23:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-38c92422b5274ae78f5ad4d5aa24115d2024-02-23T15:24:46ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292024-02-0114225710.3390/life14020257Multifocality in Testicular Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations and Prognostic ImplicationsUros Bumbasirevic0Milos Petrovic1Milica Zekovic2Vesna Coric3Bogomir Milojevic4Nikola Lisicic5David Obucina6Nenad Vasilic7Petar Bulat8Marko Zivkovic9Milica Cekerevac10Nebojsa Bojanic11Aleksandar Janicic12Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaClinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaCentre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaClinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaClinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaClinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaClinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaClinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaClinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaDepartment of Pathology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaClinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaClinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaThere are limited data regarding the significance of multifocality in testicular cancer patients. This study evaluated the relationship between multifocality and clinicopathological features determined at the time of radical orchiectomy. The study involved 280 consecutive patients who underwent radical orchiectomy between 2018 and 2023. Multifocality was defined as a distinct tumor focus characterized by a group of malignant cells > 1 mm, clearly differentiated from the primary tumor mass. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate the association between multifocality and histopathological parameters along with potential risk factors for clinical stages II + III. Multifocality was identified in 44 (15.7%) patients. Significantly smaller primary tumors were observed in subjects with multifocality (20.0 mm vs. 30.0 mm, <i>p</i> = 0.0001), while those exhibiting monofocality presented a markedly elevated rate of tumors exceeding 4 cm (40.3% vs. 18.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.005). Furthermore, multifocality was associated with a significantly higher rate of primary tumors < 2 cm (52.3% vs. 29.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed a substantial decrease in the likelihood of multifocality occurrence in seminoma patients with tumors > 4 cm (OR = 0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.017). Meanwhile, in multivariate logistic regression, multifocality did not emerge as a significant risk factor for clinical stages II + III in either seminoma (<i>p</i> = 0.381) or non-seminoma (<i>p</i> = 0.672) cases. Our study suggests that multifocality holds no substantial prognostic relevance for clinically advanced disease in testicular cancer patients. The findings indicate that multifocality is associated with smaller primary tumors, particularly those measuring less than 2 cm.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/2/257testicular cancertesticular GCTmultifocalityprognostic factors |
| spellingShingle | Uros Bumbasirevic Milos Petrovic Milica Zekovic Vesna Coric Bogomir Milojevic Nikola Lisicic David Obucina Nenad Vasilic Petar Bulat Marko Zivkovic Milica Cekerevac Nebojsa Bojanic Aleksandar Janicic Multifocality in Testicular Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations and Prognostic Implications Life testicular cancer testicular GCT multifocality prognostic factors |
| title | Multifocality in Testicular Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations and Prognostic Implications |
| title_full | Multifocality in Testicular Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations and Prognostic Implications |
| title_fullStr | Multifocality in Testicular Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations and Prognostic Implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multifocality in Testicular Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations and Prognostic Implications |
| title_short | Multifocality in Testicular Cancer: Clinicopathological Correlations and Prognostic Implications |
| title_sort | multifocality in testicular cancer clinicopathological correlations and prognostic implications |
| topic | testicular cancer testicular GCT multifocality prognostic factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/2/257 |
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