Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury
AimThis study aimed to (1) describe the use of the Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury or disease (NT-SCI/D); (2) evaluate the convergent validity of SWAT for use among inpatients with NT-SCI/D; (3) describe SWAT responsiveness; and (4)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1280225/full |
| _version_ | 1797348629465268224 |
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| author | Mohammad Alavinia Farnoosh Farahani Kristin Musselman Kristin Musselman Kristina Plourde Kristina Plourde Maryam Omidvar Molly C. Verrier Molly C. Verrier Molly C. Verrier Saina Aliabadi Saina Aliabadi B. Catharine Craven B. Catharine Craven B. Catharine Craven |
| author_facet | Mohammad Alavinia Farnoosh Farahani Kristin Musselman Kristin Musselman Kristina Plourde Kristina Plourde Maryam Omidvar Molly C. Verrier Molly C. Verrier Molly C. Verrier Saina Aliabadi Saina Aliabadi B. Catharine Craven B. Catharine Craven B. Catharine Craven |
| author_sort | Mohammad Alavinia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AimThis study aimed to (1) describe the use of the Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury or disease (NT-SCI/D); (2) evaluate the convergent validity of SWAT for use among inpatients with NT-SCI/D; (3) describe SWAT responsiveness; and (4) explore the relationship between hours of walking therapy and SWAT change.MethodsA quality improvement project was conducted at the University Health Network between 2019 and 2022. Participants’ demographics and impairments data, rehabilitation length of stay, and FIM scores were obtained from the National Rehabilitation Reporting System. The walking measure data were collected by therapists as part of routine practice. Hours of part- or whole-gait practice were abstracted from medical records. To determine convergent validity, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated between SWAT stages (admission and discharge) and the walking measures. The change in SWAT levels was calculated to determine responsiveness. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated between SWAT change and hours of walking therapy.ResultsAmong adult NT-SCI/D participants with potential walking capacity (SWAT≥1B), the majority were classified as American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale D (AIS D) at admission. The SWAT category of 1C (N = 100, 18%) was the most frequent at admission. The most frequent SWAT stage at discharge was 3C among participants with NT-SCI/D, with positive conversions in SWAT stages from admission to discharge (N = 276, 33%). The mean change in SWAT score was 3 for participants with T-SCI and NT-SCI/D. Moderate correlations between SWAT stages and walking measures were observed. The correlation of hours of gait therapy with the SWAT change (admission to discharge) was 0.44 (p < 0001).ConclusionThe SWAT has sufficient convergent validity and responsiveness for describing standing and walking recovery and communicating/monitoring rehabilitation progress among patients with NT-SCI/D. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:08:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38cecd4f0c10498780d7a0ca7c74550a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:08:28Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-38cecd4f0c10498780d7a0ca7c74550a2024-01-23T04:15:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952024-01-011410.3389/fneur.2023.12802251280225Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injuryMohammad Alavinia0Farnoosh Farahani1Kristin Musselman2Kristin Musselman3Kristina Plourde4Kristina Plourde5Maryam Omidvar6Molly C. Verrier7Molly C. Verrier8Molly C. Verrier9Saina Aliabadi10Saina Aliabadi11B. Catharine Craven12B. Catharine Craven13B. Catharine Craven14The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaThe KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaInstitute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaToronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaThe KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaThe KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaRehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaThe KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaSchool of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaThe KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaTemerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaAimThis study aimed to (1) describe the use of the Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury or disease (NT-SCI/D); (2) evaluate the convergent validity of SWAT for use among inpatients with NT-SCI/D; (3) describe SWAT responsiveness; and (4) explore the relationship between hours of walking therapy and SWAT change.MethodsA quality improvement project was conducted at the University Health Network between 2019 and 2022. Participants’ demographics and impairments data, rehabilitation length of stay, and FIM scores were obtained from the National Rehabilitation Reporting System. The walking measure data were collected by therapists as part of routine practice. Hours of part- or whole-gait practice were abstracted from medical records. To determine convergent validity, Spearman’s correlation coefficients were calculated between SWAT stages (admission and discharge) and the walking measures. The change in SWAT levels was calculated to determine responsiveness. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated between SWAT change and hours of walking therapy.ResultsAmong adult NT-SCI/D participants with potential walking capacity (SWAT≥1B), the majority were classified as American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale D (AIS D) at admission. The SWAT category of 1C (N = 100, 18%) was the most frequent at admission. The most frequent SWAT stage at discharge was 3C among participants with NT-SCI/D, with positive conversions in SWAT stages from admission to discharge (N = 276, 33%). The mean change in SWAT score was 3 for participants with T-SCI and NT-SCI/D. Moderate correlations between SWAT stages and walking measures were observed. The correlation of hours of gait therapy with the SWAT change (admission to discharge) was 0.44 (p < 0001).ConclusionThe SWAT has sufficient convergent validity and responsiveness for describing standing and walking recovery and communicating/monitoring rehabilitation progress among patients with NT-SCI/D.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1280225/fullspinal cord injurieswalkingpsychometric propertiesoutcome assessmentwalking speed |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Alavinia Farnoosh Farahani Kristin Musselman Kristin Musselman Kristina Plourde Kristina Plourde Maryam Omidvar Molly C. Verrier Molly C. Verrier Molly C. Verrier Saina Aliabadi Saina Aliabadi B. Catharine Craven B. Catharine Craven B. Catharine Craven Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury Frontiers in Neurology spinal cord injuries walking psychometric properties outcome assessment walking speed |
| title | Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury |
| title_full | Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury |
| title_fullStr | Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury |
| title_short | Convergent validity and responsiveness of The Standing and Walking Assessment Tool (SWAT) among individuals with non-traumatic spinal cord injury |
| title_sort | convergent validity and responsiveness of the standing and walking assessment tool swat among individuals with non traumatic spinal cord injury |
| topic | spinal cord injuries walking psychometric properties outcome assessment walking speed |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1280225/full |
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