Antimicrobial Effects of <i>Inula viscosa</i> Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral Biofilm
Given the undesirable side effects of commercially used mouth rinses that include chemically synthesized antimicrobial compounds such as chlorhexidine, it is essential to discover novel antimicrobial substances based on plant extracts. The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effect of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4029 |
| _version_ | 1797508922529021952 |
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| author | Hannah Kurz Lamprini Karygianni Aikaterini Argyropoulou Elmar Hellwig Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis Annette Wittmer Kirstin Vach Ali Al-Ahmad |
| author_facet | Hannah Kurz Lamprini Karygianni Aikaterini Argyropoulou Elmar Hellwig Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis Annette Wittmer Kirstin Vach Ali Al-Ahmad |
| author_sort | Hannah Kurz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Given the undesirable side effects of commercially used mouth rinses that include chemically synthesized antimicrobial compounds such as chlorhexidine, it is essential to discover novel antimicrobial substances based on plant extracts. The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effect of <i>Inula viscosa</i> extract on the initial microbial adhesion in the oral cavity. Individual test splints were manufactured for the participants, on which disinfected bovine enamel samples were attached. After the initial microbial adhesion, the biofilm-covered oral samples were removed and treated with different concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg/mL) of an <i>I. viscosa</i> extract for 10 min. Positive and negative controls were also sampled. Regarding the microbiological parameters, the colony-forming units (CFU) and vitality testing (live/dead staining) were examined in combination with fluorescence microscopy. An <i>I. viscosa</i> extract with a concentration of 30 mg/mL killed the bacteria of the initial adhesion at a rate of 99.99% (log<sub>10</sub> CFU value of 1.837 ± 1.54). Compared to the negative control, no killing effects were determined after treatment with <i>I. viscosa</i> extract at concentrations of 10 mg/mL (log<sub>10</sub> CFU value 3.776 ± 0.831; median 3.776) and 20 mg/mL (log<sub>10</sub> CFU value 3.725 ± 0.300; median 3.711). The live/dead staining revealed a significant reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) of vital adherent bacteria after treatment with 10 mg/mL of <i>I. viscosa</i> extract. After treatment with an <i>I. viscosa</i> extract with a concentration of 30 mg/mL, no vital bacteria could be detected. For the first time, significant antimicrobial effects on the initial microbial adhesion in in situ oral biofilms were reported for an <i>I. viscosa</i> extract. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:10:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38d35ea0c2b9496a920a44b9d927e076 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:10:42Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-38d35ea0c2b9496a920a44b9d927e0762023-11-23T00:49:34ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-11-011311402910.3390/nu13114029Antimicrobial Effects of <i>Inula viscosa</i> Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral BiofilmHannah Kurz0Lamprini Karygianni1Aikaterini Argyropoulou2Elmar Hellwig3Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis4Annette Wittmer5Kirstin Vach6Ali Al-Ahmad7Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, GermanyClinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, GreeceInstitute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, GermanyInstitute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, GermanyDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, GermanyGiven the undesirable side effects of commercially used mouth rinses that include chemically synthesized antimicrobial compounds such as chlorhexidine, it is essential to discover novel antimicrobial substances based on plant extracts. The aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effect of <i>Inula viscosa</i> extract on the initial microbial adhesion in the oral cavity. Individual test splints were manufactured for the participants, on which disinfected bovine enamel samples were attached. After the initial microbial adhesion, the biofilm-covered oral samples were removed and treated with different concentrations (10, 20, and 30 mg/mL) of an <i>I. viscosa</i> extract for 10 min. Positive and negative controls were also sampled. Regarding the microbiological parameters, the colony-forming units (CFU) and vitality testing (live/dead staining) were examined in combination with fluorescence microscopy. An <i>I. viscosa</i> extract with a concentration of 30 mg/mL killed the bacteria of the initial adhesion at a rate of 99.99% (log<sub>10</sub> CFU value of 1.837 ± 1.54). Compared to the negative control, no killing effects were determined after treatment with <i>I. viscosa</i> extract at concentrations of 10 mg/mL (log<sub>10</sub> CFU value 3.776 ± 0.831; median 3.776) and 20 mg/mL (log<sub>10</sub> CFU value 3.725 ± 0.300; median 3.711). The live/dead staining revealed a significant reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) of vital adherent bacteria after treatment with 10 mg/mL of <i>I. viscosa</i> extract. After treatment with an <i>I. viscosa</i> extract with a concentration of 30 mg/mL, no vital bacteria could be detected. For the first time, significant antimicrobial effects on the initial microbial adhesion in in situ oral biofilms were reported for an <i>I. viscosa</i> extract.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4029<i>Inula viscosa</i>initial adhesioncolony-forming units (CFU)live/dead stainingfluorescence microscopy |
| spellingShingle | Hannah Kurz Lamprini Karygianni Aikaterini Argyropoulou Elmar Hellwig Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis Annette Wittmer Kirstin Vach Ali Al-Ahmad Antimicrobial Effects of <i>Inula viscosa</i> Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral Biofilm Nutrients <i>Inula viscosa</i> initial adhesion colony-forming units (CFU) live/dead staining fluorescence microscopy |
| title | Antimicrobial Effects of <i>Inula viscosa</i> Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral Biofilm |
| title_full | Antimicrobial Effects of <i>Inula viscosa</i> Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral Biofilm |
| title_fullStr | Antimicrobial Effects of <i>Inula viscosa</i> Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral Biofilm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antimicrobial Effects of <i>Inula viscosa</i> Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral Biofilm |
| title_short | Antimicrobial Effects of <i>Inula viscosa</i> Extract on the In Situ Initial Oral Biofilm |
| title_sort | antimicrobial effects of i inula viscosa i extract on the in situ initial oral biofilm |
| topic | <i>Inula viscosa</i> initial adhesion colony-forming units (CFU) live/dead staining fluorescence microscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/4029 |
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