Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
Abstract Background NHS community pharmacies provide effective smoking cessation services; however, there is scope for increasing throughput and improving quit rates. This trial examines whether the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention can improve smoker engagement to inc...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2019-06-01
|
| Series: | Trials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3368-6 |
| _version_ | 1818413262295793664 |
|---|---|
| author | Ratna Sohanpal Sandra Jumbe Wai-Yee James Liz Steed Tammy Yau Carol Rivas Vichithranie Madurasinghe Colin Houlihan Vlad Berdunisov Matthew Taylor Stephanie J. C. Taylor Chris Griffiths Sandra Eldridge Robert Walton |
| author_facet | Ratna Sohanpal Sandra Jumbe Wai-Yee James Liz Steed Tammy Yau Carol Rivas Vichithranie Madurasinghe Colin Houlihan Vlad Berdunisov Matthew Taylor Stephanie J. C. Taylor Chris Griffiths Sandra Eldridge Robert Walton |
| author_sort | Ratna Sohanpal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background NHS community pharmacies provide effective smoking cessation services; however, there is scope for increasing throughput and improving quit rates. This trial examines whether the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention can improve smoker engagement to increase service throughput, retention and quitting. Methods This study is a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial in 60 pharmacies in England and Wales. All workers in intervention pharmacies are offered STOP training while control pharmacies provide usual care. The STOP intervention, based on behavioural and organisational theories, comprises educational sessions for staff and environmental prompts in the pharmacy. Intervention fidelity is assessed by actors visiting pharmacies posing as smokers. The primary outcome is throughput, defined as the number of smokers who join the programme, set a firm quit date and undergo at least one stop smoking treatment session, and is measured using routinely collected data. Secondary outcomes include retention and quit rates at 4 weeks and continuous abstinence at 6 months verified by salivary cotinine. Cost-effectiveness is estimated using quality-adjusted life years and the probability that the intervention is effective at different levels of willingness to pay is calculated. Discussion The trial will generate evidence to inform the public health smoking cessation strategy in England and Wales, and may help to shape service commissioning decisions. The STOP intervention model may help inform the undertaking of a range of health behaviour change tasks in community pharmacies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN16351033. Retrospectively registered on 21 March 2017. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:00:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38d466f40d5747f4876f725d92d28aac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1745-6215 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:00:24Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Trials |
| spelling | doaj.art-38d466f40d5747f4876f725d92d28aac2022-12-21T23:04:44ZengBMCTrials1745-62152019-06-0120111210.1186/s13063-019-3368-6Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trialRatna Sohanpal0Sandra Jumbe1Wai-Yee James2Liz Steed3Tammy Yau4Carol Rivas5Vichithranie Madurasinghe6Colin Houlihan7Vlad Berdunisov8Matthew Taylor9Stephanie J. C. Taylor10Chris Griffiths11Sandra Eldridge12Robert Walton13Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonCalifornia Northstate UniversityInstitute of Education, University College LondonCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonYork Health Economics Consortium, University of YorkCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonCentre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of LondonAbstract Background NHS community pharmacies provide effective smoking cessation services; however, there is scope for increasing throughput and improving quit rates. This trial examines whether the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention can improve smoker engagement to increase service throughput, retention and quitting. Methods This study is a pragmatic, cluster randomised controlled trial in 60 pharmacies in England and Wales. All workers in intervention pharmacies are offered STOP training while control pharmacies provide usual care. The STOP intervention, based on behavioural and organisational theories, comprises educational sessions for staff and environmental prompts in the pharmacy. Intervention fidelity is assessed by actors visiting pharmacies posing as smokers. The primary outcome is throughput, defined as the number of smokers who join the programme, set a firm quit date and undergo at least one stop smoking treatment session, and is measured using routinely collected data. Secondary outcomes include retention and quit rates at 4 weeks and continuous abstinence at 6 months verified by salivary cotinine. Cost-effectiveness is estimated using quality-adjusted life years and the probability that the intervention is effective at different levels of willingness to pay is calculated. Discussion The trial will generate evidence to inform the public health smoking cessation strategy in England and Wales, and may help to shape service commissioning decisions. The STOP intervention model may help inform the undertaking of a range of health behaviour change tasks in community pharmacies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN16351033. Retrospectively registered on 21 March 2017.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3368-6Smoking cessationCommunity pharmacyRecruitmentRetentionBehaviour changeCluster randomised controlled trial |
| spellingShingle | Ratna Sohanpal Sandra Jumbe Wai-Yee James Liz Steed Tammy Yau Carol Rivas Vichithranie Madurasinghe Colin Houlihan Vlad Berdunisov Matthew Taylor Stephanie J. C. Taylor Chris Griffiths Sandra Eldridge Robert Walton Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial Trials Smoking cessation Community pharmacy Recruitment Retention Behaviour change Cluster randomised controlled trial |
| title | Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial |
| title_full | Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial |
| title_short | Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Smoking Treatment Optimisation in Pharmacies (STOP) intervention: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial |
| title_sort | evaluating the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of the smoking treatment optimisation in pharmacies stop intervention protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial |
| topic | Smoking cessation Community pharmacy Recruitment Retention Behaviour change Cluster randomised controlled trial |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13063-019-3368-6 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ratnasohanpal evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT sandrajumbe evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT waiyeejames evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT lizsteed evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT tammyyau evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT carolrivas evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT vichithraniemadurasinghe evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT colinhoulihan evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT vladberdunisov evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT matthewtaylor evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT stephaniejctaylor evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT chrisgriffiths evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT sandraeldridge evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial AT robertwalton evaluatingtheeffectivenessandcosteffectivenessofthesmokingtreatmentoptimisationinpharmaciesstopinterventionprotocolforaclusterrandomisedcontrolledtrial |