Observational Prospects of Double Neutron Star Mergers and Their Multimessenger Afterglows: LIGO Discovery Power, Event Rates, and Diversity
The double neutron star (DNS) merger event GW170817 signifies the first multimessenger (MM) event with electromagnetic-gravitational (EM-GW) observations. LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observational runs O4-5 promise to detect similar events and as yet unknown GW signals, which require confirmation in two or mor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd114 |
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| author | Maryam Aghaei Abchouyeh Maurice H. P. M. van Putten Lorenzo Amati |
| author_facet | Maryam Aghaei Abchouyeh Maurice H. P. M. van Putten Lorenzo Amati |
| author_sort | Maryam Aghaei Abchouyeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The double neutron star (DNS) merger event GW170817 signifies the first multimessenger (MM) event with electromagnetic-gravitational (EM-GW) observations. LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observational runs O4-5 promise to detect similar events and as yet unknown GW signals, which require confirmation in two or more detectors with comparable performance. To this end, we quantify duty cycles of comparable science quality of data in coincident H1L1-observations, further to seek consistent event rates of astrophysical transients in upcoming EM-GW surveys. Quite generally, discovery power scales with exposure time, sensitivity, and critically depends on the percentage of time when detectors operate at high quality. We quantify coincident duty cycles over a time-frequency domain W × B , defined by segments of duration W = 8 s, motivated by a long-duration descending GW-chirp during GRB170817A, and the minimum detector noise over about B = 100–250 Hz. This detector yield factor satisfies 1%–25% in S5-6 and O1-O3ab, significantly different from duty cycles of H1 and L1 individually with commensurable impact on consistency in event rates in EM-GW surveys. Significant gain in discovery power for signals whose frequency varies slowly in time may be derived from improving detector yield factors by deploying time-symmetric data analysis methods. For O4-5, these can yield improvements by factors up to ${ \mathcal O }({10}^{5})$ relative to existing data and methods. Furthermore, the diversity of MM afterglows to DNS mergers may be greatest for systems similar to GW170817 but possibly less so for systems of substantially different mass such as GW190425. We summarize our findings with an outlook on EM-GW surveys during O4-5 and perspectives for next-generation GRB missions like THESEUS . |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:57:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38d6266d30234135a193ed58fdf02847 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:57:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-38d6266d30234135a193ed58fdf028472023-09-03T15:09:19ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-01952215710.3847/1538-4357/acd114Observational Prospects of Double Neutron Star Mergers and Their Multimessenger Afterglows: LIGO Discovery Power, Event Rates, and DiversityMaryam Aghaei Abchouyeh0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1518-1946Maurice H. P. M. van Putten1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9212-411XLorenzo Amati2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5355-7388Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University , 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University , 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of KoreaINAF-OAS Bologna , via P. Gobetti, 101, I-40129 Bologna, ItalyThe double neutron star (DNS) merger event GW170817 signifies the first multimessenger (MM) event with electromagnetic-gravitational (EM-GW) observations. LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observational runs O4-5 promise to detect similar events and as yet unknown GW signals, which require confirmation in two or more detectors with comparable performance. To this end, we quantify duty cycles of comparable science quality of data in coincident H1L1-observations, further to seek consistent event rates of astrophysical transients in upcoming EM-GW surveys. Quite generally, discovery power scales with exposure time, sensitivity, and critically depends on the percentage of time when detectors operate at high quality. We quantify coincident duty cycles over a time-frequency domain W × B , defined by segments of duration W = 8 s, motivated by a long-duration descending GW-chirp during GRB170817A, and the minimum detector noise over about B = 100–250 Hz. This detector yield factor satisfies 1%–25% in S5-6 and O1-O3ab, significantly different from duty cycles of H1 and L1 individually with commensurable impact on consistency in event rates in EM-GW surveys. Significant gain in discovery power for signals whose frequency varies slowly in time may be derived from improving detector yield factors by deploying time-symmetric data analysis methods. For O4-5, these can yield improvements by factors up to ${ \mathcal O }({10}^{5})$ relative to existing data and methods. Furthermore, the diversity of MM afterglows to DNS mergers may be greatest for systems similar to GW170817 but possibly less so for systems of substantially different mass such as GW190425. We summarize our findings with an outlook on EM-GW surveys during O4-5 and perspectives for next-generation GRB missions like THESEUS .https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd114Gravitational wavesGravitational wave detectorsNeutron stars |
| spellingShingle | Maryam Aghaei Abchouyeh Maurice H. P. M. van Putten Lorenzo Amati Observational Prospects of Double Neutron Star Mergers and Their Multimessenger Afterglows: LIGO Discovery Power, Event Rates, and Diversity The Astrophysical Journal Gravitational waves Gravitational wave detectors Neutron stars |
| title | Observational Prospects of Double Neutron Star Mergers and Their Multimessenger Afterglows: LIGO Discovery Power, Event Rates, and Diversity |
| title_full | Observational Prospects of Double Neutron Star Mergers and Their Multimessenger Afterglows: LIGO Discovery Power, Event Rates, and Diversity |
| title_fullStr | Observational Prospects of Double Neutron Star Mergers and Their Multimessenger Afterglows: LIGO Discovery Power, Event Rates, and Diversity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observational Prospects of Double Neutron Star Mergers and Their Multimessenger Afterglows: LIGO Discovery Power, Event Rates, and Diversity |
| title_short | Observational Prospects of Double Neutron Star Mergers and Their Multimessenger Afterglows: LIGO Discovery Power, Event Rates, and Diversity |
| title_sort | observational prospects of double neutron star mergers and their multimessenger afterglows ligo discovery power event rates and diversity |
| topic | Gravitational waves Gravitational wave detectors Neutron stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd114 |
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