Karyotypical Confirmation of Natural Hybridization between Two Manatee Species, <i>Trichechus manatus</i> and <i>Trichechus inunguis</i>
Two species of manatees are found in Northern Brazil—the Antillean manatee (<i>Trichechus manatus</i>), which is found along the coast from Florida to Northeastern Brazil, and the Amazonian manatee (<i>Trichechus inunguis</i>), endemic to the Amazon drainage basin. These spec...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| author | Edivaldo H. C. de Oliveira Anderson J. B. Gomes Alexandra F. Costa Renata Emin-Lima Cibele R. Bonvicino Maria C. Viana Laura M. A. Reis Marcelo D. Vidal Mirella V. G. Cavalcanti Fernanda L. N. Attademo Fábia O. Luna Salvatore Siciliano |
| author_facet | Edivaldo H. C. de Oliveira Anderson J. B. Gomes Alexandra F. Costa Renata Emin-Lima Cibele R. Bonvicino Maria C. Viana Laura M. A. Reis Marcelo D. Vidal Mirella V. G. Cavalcanti Fernanda L. N. Attademo Fábia O. Luna Salvatore Siciliano |
| author_sort | Edivaldo H. C. de Oliveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two species of manatees are found in Northern Brazil—the Antillean manatee (<i>Trichechus manatus</i>), which is found along the coast from Florida to Northeastern Brazil, and the Amazonian manatee (<i>Trichechus inunguis</i>), endemic to the Amazon drainage basin. These species show a sympatric distribution in the region of the Marajó Archipelago, an estuarine area surrounding the Amazon River mouth. There is evidence of the occurrence of interspecific hybrids in this area, based on mitochondrial DNA analyses, although the use of nuclear markers has not corroborated this proposal. Considering that these species show very distinct karyotypes, despite being closely related (2<i>n</i> = 48 in <i>T. manatus</i> and 2<i>n</i> = 56 in <i>T. inunguis</i>), hybrids would present distinct chromosome numbers. Based on this, we conducted cytogenetic analyses using classic and molecular techniques in three calves found stranded in the Marajó Island and Amapá coast. The results showed that one of them, morphologically classified as <i>T. inunguis</i>, presented the correspondent karyotype, with 2<i>n</i> = 56. However, the other two, which were phenotypically similar to <i>T. manatus</i>, showed 2<i>n</i> = 49. Despite the same diploid number, their G-banding patterns revealed some differences. The results of the distribution of some microsatellite sequences have also confirmed the heterozygosity of some chromosomal pairs in these two individuals. These results are the first indubitable confirmation of the occurrence of natural hybrids between <i>T. manatus</i> and <i>T. inunguis</i>, and also brings about some issues concerning the viability of hybrids, considering that these two individuals do not correspond to an F1 hybrid, but instead, both presented a possible F2 karyotype. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:34:33Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:34:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-38d8f28267f942ef8fd994679dd2537a2023-11-23T11:48:50ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-04-0112561610.3390/life12050616Karyotypical Confirmation of Natural Hybridization between Two Manatee Species, <i>Trichechus manatus</i> and <i>Trichechus inunguis</i>Edivaldo H. C. de Oliveira0Anderson J. B. Gomes1Alexandra F. Costa2Renata Emin-Lima3Cibele R. Bonvicino4Maria C. Viana5Laura M. A. Reis6Marcelo D. Vidal7Mirella V. G. Cavalcanti8Fernanda L. N. Attademo9Fábia O. Luna10Salvatore Siciliano11ICEN, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, BrazilInstituto Federal do Pará, Abaetetuba 68440-000, PA, BrazilMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66077-830, PA, BrazilMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém 66077-830, PA, BrazilInstituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, BrazilInstituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, BrazilNúcleo de Gestão Integrada (ICMBio), São Luís 65025-470, MA, BrazilCentro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Sociobiodiversidade Associada a Povos e Comunidades Tradicionais (CNPT/ICMBio), São Luís 65025-470, MA, BrazilInstituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA/CETAS), Macapá 68909-329, AP, BrazilCentro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (ICMBio/CMA), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação de Biodiversidade, Santos 11050-031, SP, BrazilCentro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (ICMBio/CMA), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação de Biodiversidade, Santos 11050-031, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, RJ, BrazilTwo species of manatees are found in Northern Brazil—the Antillean manatee (<i>Trichechus manatus</i>), which is found along the coast from Florida to Northeastern Brazil, and the Amazonian manatee (<i>Trichechus inunguis</i>), endemic to the Amazon drainage basin. These species show a sympatric distribution in the region of the Marajó Archipelago, an estuarine area surrounding the Amazon River mouth. There is evidence of the occurrence of interspecific hybrids in this area, based on mitochondrial DNA analyses, although the use of nuclear markers has not corroborated this proposal. Considering that these species show very distinct karyotypes, despite being closely related (2<i>n</i> = 48 in <i>T. manatus</i> and 2<i>n</i> = 56 in <i>T. inunguis</i>), hybrids would present distinct chromosome numbers. Based on this, we conducted cytogenetic analyses using classic and molecular techniques in three calves found stranded in the Marajó Island and Amapá coast. The results showed that one of them, morphologically classified as <i>T. inunguis</i>, presented the correspondent karyotype, with 2<i>n</i> = 56. However, the other two, which were phenotypically similar to <i>T. manatus</i>, showed 2<i>n</i> = 49. Despite the same diploid number, their G-banding patterns revealed some differences. The results of the distribution of some microsatellite sequences have also confirmed the heterozygosity of some chromosomal pairs in these two individuals. These results are the first indubitable confirmation of the occurrence of natural hybrids between <i>T. manatus</i> and <i>T. inunguis</i>, and also brings about some issues concerning the viability of hybrids, considering that these two individuals do not correspond to an F1 hybrid, but instead, both presented a possible F2 karyotype.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/5/616introgressionkaryotypeshybridizationheterozygositysympatryfertility |
| spellingShingle | Edivaldo H. C. de Oliveira Anderson J. B. Gomes Alexandra F. Costa Renata Emin-Lima Cibele R. Bonvicino Maria C. Viana Laura M. A. Reis Marcelo D. Vidal Mirella V. G. Cavalcanti Fernanda L. N. Attademo Fábia O. Luna Salvatore Siciliano Karyotypical Confirmation of Natural Hybridization between Two Manatee Species, <i>Trichechus manatus</i> and <i>Trichechus inunguis</i> Life introgression karyotypes hybridization heterozygosity sympatry fertility |
| title | Karyotypical Confirmation of Natural Hybridization between Two Manatee Species, <i>Trichechus manatus</i> and <i>Trichechus inunguis</i> |
| title_full | Karyotypical Confirmation of Natural Hybridization between Two Manatee Species, <i>Trichechus manatus</i> and <i>Trichechus inunguis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Karyotypical Confirmation of Natural Hybridization between Two Manatee Species, <i>Trichechus manatus</i> and <i>Trichechus inunguis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Karyotypical Confirmation of Natural Hybridization between Two Manatee Species, <i>Trichechus manatus</i> and <i>Trichechus inunguis</i> |
| title_short | Karyotypical Confirmation of Natural Hybridization between Two Manatee Species, <i>Trichechus manatus</i> and <i>Trichechus inunguis</i> |
| title_sort | karyotypical confirmation of natural hybridization between two manatee species i trichechus manatus i and i trichechus inunguis i |
| topic | introgression karyotypes hybridization heterozygosity sympatry fertility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/5/616 |
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