Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries
Heat stress is an important problem for dairy industry in many parts of the world owing to its adverse effects on productivity and profitability. Heat stress in dairy cattle is caused by an increase in core body temperature, which affects the fat production in the mammary gland. It reduces milk yiel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1121499/full |
| _version_ | 1797785227621302272 |
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| author | Vincent Habimana Vincent Habimana Vincent Habimana Athumani Shabani Nguluma Zabron Cuthibert Nziku Chinyere Charlotte Ekine-Dzivenu Gota Morota Raphael Mrode Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga |
| author_facet | Vincent Habimana Vincent Habimana Vincent Habimana Athumani Shabani Nguluma Zabron Cuthibert Nziku Chinyere Charlotte Ekine-Dzivenu Gota Morota Raphael Mrode Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga |
| author_sort | Vincent Habimana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heat stress is an important problem for dairy industry in many parts of the world owing to its adverse effects on productivity and profitability. Heat stress in dairy cattle is caused by an increase in core body temperature, which affects the fat production in the mammary gland. It reduces milk yield, dry matter intake, and alters the milk composition, such as fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fats percentages among others. Understanding the biological mechanisms of climatic adaptation, identifying and exploring signatures of selection, genomic diversity and identification of candidate genes for heat tolerance within indicine and taurine dairy breeds is an important progression toward breeding better dairy cattle adapted to changing climatic conditions of the tropics. Identifying breeds that are heat tolerant and their use in genetic improvement programs is crucial for improving dairy cattle productivity and profitability in the tropics. Genetic improvement for heat tolerance requires availability of genetic parameters, but these genetic parameters are currently missing in many tropical countries. In this article, we reviewed the HS effects on dairy cattle with regard to (1) physiological parameters; (2) milk yield and composition traits; and (3) milk and blood metabolites for dairy cattle reared in tropical countries. In addition, mitigation strategies such as physical modification of environment, nutritional, and genetic development of heat tolerant dairy cattle to prevent the adverse effects of HS on dairy cattle are discussed. In tropical climates, a more and cost-effective strategy to overcome HS effects is to genetically select more adaptable and heat tolerant breeds, use of crossbred animals for milk production, i.e., crosses between indicine breeds such as Gir, white fulani, N’Dama, Sahiwal or Boran to taurine breeds such as Holstein-Friesian, Jersey or Brown Swiss. The results of this review will contribute to policy formulations with regard to strategies for mitigating the effects of HS on dairy cattle in tropical countries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:52:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38e32bf778534cb3a9c8c57985e9eedb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:52:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-38e32bf778534cb3a9c8c57985e9eedb2023-07-07T12:27:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-07-011010.3389/fvets.2023.11214991121499Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countriesVincent Habimana0Vincent Habimana1Vincent Habimana2Athumani Shabani Nguluma3Zabron Cuthibert Nziku4Chinyere Charlotte Ekine-Dzivenu5Gota Morota6Raphael Mrode7Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga8Department of Animal, Aquaculture, and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaSACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Animal, Aquaculture, and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaTanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI) Eastern Zone, Tanga, TanzaniaInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, KenyaSchool of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United StatesInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Animal, Aquaculture, and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, TanzaniaHeat stress is an important problem for dairy industry in many parts of the world owing to its adverse effects on productivity and profitability. Heat stress in dairy cattle is caused by an increase in core body temperature, which affects the fat production in the mammary gland. It reduces milk yield, dry matter intake, and alters the milk composition, such as fat, protein, lactose, and solids-not-fats percentages among others. Understanding the biological mechanisms of climatic adaptation, identifying and exploring signatures of selection, genomic diversity and identification of candidate genes for heat tolerance within indicine and taurine dairy breeds is an important progression toward breeding better dairy cattle adapted to changing climatic conditions of the tropics. Identifying breeds that are heat tolerant and their use in genetic improvement programs is crucial for improving dairy cattle productivity and profitability in the tropics. Genetic improvement for heat tolerance requires availability of genetic parameters, but these genetic parameters are currently missing in many tropical countries. In this article, we reviewed the HS effects on dairy cattle with regard to (1) physiological parameters; (2) milk yield and composition traits; and (3) milk and blood metabolites for dairy cattle reared in tropical countries. In addition, mitigation strategies such as physical modification of environment, nutritional, and genetic development of heat tolerant dairy cattle to prevent the adverse effects of HS on dairy cattle are discussed. In tropical climates, a more and cost-effective strategy to overcome HS effects is to genetically select more adaptable and heat tolerant breeds, use of crossbred animals for milk production, i.e., crosses between indicine breeds such as Gir, white fulani, N’Dama, Sahiwal or Boran to taurine breeds such as Holstein-Friesian, Jersey or Brown Swiss. The results of this review will contribute to policy formulations with regard to strategies for mitigating the effects of HS on dairy cattle in tropical countries.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1121499/fullheat stressmilk yield and compositionmilk and blood metabolitesphysiological parameterstropical countriesmitigation strategies |
| spellingShingle | Vincent Habimana Vincent Habimana Vincent Habimana Athumani Shabani Nguluma Zabron Cuthibert Nziku Chinyere Charlotte Ekine-Dzivenu Gota Morota Raphael Mrode Sebastian Wilson Chenyambuga Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries Frontiers in Veterinary Science heat stress milk yield and composition milk and blood metabolites physiological parameters tropical countries mitigation strategies |
| title | Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries |
| title_full | Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries |
| title_fullStr | Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries |
| title_short | Heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub-tropical countries |
| title_sort | heat stress effects on milk yield traits and metabolites and mitigation strategies for dairy cattle breeds reared in tropical and sub tropical countries |
| topic | heat stress milk yield and composition milk and blood metabolites physiological parameters tropical countries mitigation strategies |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1121499/full |
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