The Neural Markers of Self-Caught and Probe-Caught Mind Wandering: An ERP Study
Mind-wandering (MW) is a common phenomenon, defined as task-unrelated thoughts. This study is based on event-related potentials (ERPs), using modified sustained attention to response task (modified SART, mSART) to discuss the neural patterns of different types of MW. In the current study, we defined...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| author | Yong Liu Jia Zhao Xinqi Zhou Xiaolin Liu Hong Chen Hong Yuan |
| author_facet | Yong Liu Jia Zhao Xinqi Zhou Xiaolin Liu Hong Chen Hong Yuan |
| author_sort | Yong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mind-wandering (MW) is a common phenomenon, defined as task-unrelated thoughts. This study is based on event-related potentials (ERPs), using modified sustained attention to response task (modified SART, mSART) to discuss the neural patterns of different types of MW. In the current study, we defined the MW realized by participants as self-caught MW, and the MW measurement acquired by probes as probe-caught MW. The behavioral results showed that the reaction times (RTs) during self-caught MW were greater than those during non-self-caught MW. The ERP results showed that during self-caught MW, the mean amplitudes of N1 decreased significantly, indicating that the participants’ attention had deviated from the current task. The increase in the mean amplitudes of P2 during self-caught MW indicated lower vigilance. We also found that the mean amplitudes of N300 reduced during self-caught MW, which indicated that cognitive control or monitoring might be affected by self-caught MW. The average amplitudes of P300 were significantly lower during probe-caught MW than during on-task, indicating the impact on high-level cognitive processing. In addition, the amplitudes of N1, P2, and N300 in anterior regions were greater than those in posterior regions. P300 amplitudes during probe-caught MW in the right hemisphere were greater than those of the left hemisphere. In summary, our research results demonstrated that alertness and cognitive processing decreased during both self-caught MW and probe-caught MW. ERPs were statistically different under the conditions of self-caught MW and probe-caught MW. The current study provided new insights into the relationship between MW and neural markers. It was the first study exploring the ERP correlates between self-caught MW and probe-caught MW based on mSART. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:41:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38f23e95382b463f9d45834e69106b60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:41:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-38f23e95382b463f9d45834e69106b602023-11-22T17:37:30ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-10-011110132910.3390/brainsci11101329The Neural Markers of Self-Caught and Probe-Caught Mind Wandering: An ERP StudyYong Liu0Jia Zhao1Xinqi Zhou2Xiaolin Liu3Hong Chen4Hong Yuan5Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaSchool of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaKey Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaMind-wandering (MW) is a common phenomenon, defined as task-unrelated thoughts. This study is based on event-related potentials (ERPs), using modified sustained attention to response task (modified SART, mSART) to discuss the neural patterns of different types of MW. In the current study, we defined the MW realized by participants as self-caught MW, and the MW measurement acquired by probes as probe-caught MW. The behavioral results showed that the reaction times (RTs) during self-caught MW were greater than those during non-self-caught MW. The ERP results showed that during self-caught MW, the mean amplitudes of N1 decreased significantly, indicating that the participants’ attention had deviated from the current task. The increase in the mean amplitudes of P2 during self-caught MW indicated lower vigilance. We also found that the mean amplitudes of N300 reduced during self-caught MW, which indicated that cognitive control or monitoring might be affected by self-caught MW. The average amplitudes of P300 were significantly lower during probe-caught MW than during on-task, indicating the impact on high-level cognitive processing. In addition, the amplitudes of N1, P2, and N300 in anterior regions were greater than those in posterior regions. P300 amplitudes during probe-caught MW in the right hemisphere were greater than those of the left hemisphere. In summary, our research results demonstrated that alertness and cognitive processing decreased during both self-caught MW and probe-caught MW. ERPs were statistically different under the conditions of self-caught MW and probe-caught MW. The current study provided new insights into the relationship between MW and neural markers. It was the first study exploring the ERP correlates between self-caught MW and probe-caught MW based on mSART.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/10/1329self-caught mind wanderingprobe-caught mind wanderingneural markersmSART |
| spellingShingle | Yong Liu Jia Zhao Xinqi Zhou Xiaolin Liu Hong Chen Hong Yuan The Neural Markers of Self-Caught and Probe-Caught Mind Wandering: An ERP Study Brain Sciences self-caught mind wandering probe-caught mind wandering neural markers mSART |
| title | The Neural Markers of Self-Caught and Probe-Caught Mind Wandering: An ERP Study |
| title_full | The Neural Markers of Self-Caught and Probe-Caught Mind Wandering: An ERP Study |
| title_fullStr | The Neural Markers of Self-Caught and Probe-Caught Mind Wandering: An ERP Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Neural Markers of Self-Caught and Probe-Caught Mind Wandering: An ERP Study |
| title_short | The Neural Markers of Self-Caught and Probe-Caught Mind Wandering: An ERP Study |
| title_sort | neural markers of self caught and probe caught mind wandering an erp study |
| topic | self-caught mind wandering probe-caught mind wandering neural markers mSART |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/10/1329 |
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