Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Validation of Patient-Specific Spine Section Phantoms for Use in Training Spine Surgeons Outside the Operating Room/Theatre
Pedicle screw fixation (PSF) demands rigorous training to mitigate the risk of severe neurovascular complications arising from screw misplacement. This paper introduces a patient-specific phantom designed for PSF training, extending a portion of the learning process beyond the confines of the surgic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/12/1345 |
| _version_ | 1827575609152241664 |
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| author | Marina Carbone Rosanna Maria Viglialoro Sara Stagnari Sara Condino Marco Gesi Michelangelo Scaglione Paolo Domenico Parchi |
| author_facet | Marina Carbone Rosanna Maria Viglialoro Sara Stagnari Sara Condino Marco Gesi Michelangelo Scaglione Paolo Domenico Parchi |
| author_sort | Marina Carbone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pedicle screw fixation (PSF) demands rigorous training to mitigate the risk of severe neurovascular complications arising from screw misplacement. This paper introduces a patient-specific phantom designed for PSF training, extending a portion of the learning process beyond the confines of the surgical room. Six phantoms of the thoracolumbar region were fabricated from radiological datasets, combining 3D printing and casting techniques. The phantoms were employed in three training sessions by a fifth-year resident who performed full training on all six phantoms; he/she placed a total of 57 pedicle screws. Analysis of the learning curve, focusing on time per screw and positioning accuracy, revealed attainment of an asymptotic performance level (around 3 min per screw) after 40 screws. The phantom’s efficacy was evaluated by three experts and six residents, each inserting a minimum of four screws. Initial assessments confirmed face, content, and construct validity, affirming the patient-specific phantoms as a valuable training resource. These proposed phantoms exhibit great promise as an essential tool in surgical training as they exhibited a demonstrable learning effect on the PSF technique. This study lays the foundation for further exploration and underscores the potential impact of these patient-specific phantoms on the future of spinal surgical education. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:59:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38fbf86d4a6e4ebebfaecd76a1b76c54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:59:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-38fbf86d4a6e4ebebfaecd76a1b76c542023-12-22T13:53:58ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542023-11-011012134510.3390/bioengineering10121345Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Validation of Patient-Specific Spine Section Phantoms for Use in Training Spine Surgeons Outside the Operating Room/TheatreMarina Carbone0Rosanna Maria Viglialoro1Sara Stagnari2Sara Condino3Marco Gesi4Michelangelo Scaglione5Paolo Domenico Parchi6Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyEndoCAS Center, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, ItalyCenter for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, ItalyPedicle screw fixation (PSF) demands rigorous training to mitigate the risk of severe neurovascular complications arising from screw misplacement. This paper introduces a patient-specific phantom designed for PSF training, extending a portion of the learning process beyond the confines of the surgical room. Six phantoms of the thoracolumbar region were fabricated from radiological datasets, combining 3D printing and casting techniques. The phantoms were employed in three training sessions by a fifth-year resident who performed full training on all six phantoms; he/she placed a total of 57 pedicle screws. Analysis of the learning curve, focusing on time per screw and positioning accuracy, revealed attainment of an asymptotic performance level (around 3 min per screw) after 40 screws. The phantom’s efficacy was evaluated by three experts and six residents, each inserting a minimum of four screws. Initial assessments confirmed face, content, and construct validity, affirming the patient-specific phantoms as a valuable training resource. These proposed phantoms exhibit great promise as an essential tool in surgical training as they exhibited a demonstrable learning effect on the PSF technique. This study lays the foundation for further exploration and underscores the potential impact of these patient-specific phantoms on the future of spinal surgical education.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/12/1345spine surgerypedicle screw fixationpatient-specific phantom3D printingsurgical trainingsurgical simulation |
| spellingShingle | Marina Carbone Rosanna Maria Viglialoro Sara Stagnari Sara Condino Marco Gesi Michelangelo Scaglione Paolo Domenico Parchi Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Validation of Patient-Specific Spine Section Phantoms for Use in Training Spine Surgeons Outside the Operating Room/Theatre Bioengineering spine surgery pedicle screw fixation patient-specific phantom 3D printing surgical training surgical simulation |
| title | Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Validation of Patient-Specific Spine Section Phantoms for Use in Training Spine Surgeons Outside the Operating Room/Theatre |
| title_full | Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Validation of Patient-Specific Spine Section Phantoms for Use in Training Spine Surgeons Outside the Operating Room/Theatre |
| title_fullStr | Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Validation of Patient-Specific Spine Section Phantoms for Use in Training Spine Surgeons Outside the Operating Room/Theatre |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Validation of Patient-Specific Spine Section Phantoms for Use in Training Spine Surgeons Outside the Operating Room/Theatre |
| title_short | Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Validation of Patient-Specific Spine Section Phantoms for Use in Training Spine Surgeons Outside the Operating Room/Theatre |
| title_sort | design fabrication and preliminary validation of patient specific spine section phantoms for use in training spine surgeons outside the operating room theatre |
| topic | spine surgery pedicle screw fixation patient-specific phantom 3D printing surgical training surgical simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/10/12/1345 |
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