Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China
Jing Li,1 Songbai Lin,1 Chuiwen Deng,2 Tengda Xu1 1Department of Health Management, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/predictive-value-of-gad-antibody-for-diabetes-in-normal-chinese-adults-peer-reviewed-article-DMSO |
| _version_ | 1797935239289372672 |
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| author | Li J Lin S Deng C Xu T |
| author_facet | Li J Lin S Deng C Xu T |
| author_sort | Li J |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Jing Li,1 Songbai Lin,1 Chuiwen Deng,2 Tengda Xu1 1Department of Health Management, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tengda XuDepartment of Health Management, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 10 6915 9866Email xutd@pumch.cnPurpose: To investigate the prevalence of GAD antibody (GADA) in the general adult population and to evaluate its predictive value for diabetes in China.Patients and Methods: We searched the PUMCH-HM database and identified 36,731 adult subjects with GADA test results from 2012 to 2015. We then established a retrospective cohort of 4835 nondiabetic subjects at baseline with complete annual health evaluation records through 2019. The median follow-up time was 4.8 (3.0– 7.3) years.Results: The overall prevalence of GADA was 0.53% and was higher in diabetic subjects (1.25%) than in nondiabetic subjects (0.47%). We found a decrease in baseline body mass index (BMI) from the GADA- to GADAhigh subgroups among baseline diabetic and prediabetic patients and also those who developed diabetes later in the cohort study. A total of 136 subjects (2.8%) developed diabetes after a median follow-up of 3.5 years. For GADA+ participants, BMI was not associated with the risk for diabetes. In the Cox regression model, the GADAlow and GADAhigh exhibited 2.63-fold and 4.16-fold increased risk for diabetes, respectively. This increased risk for diabetes by GADA-positivity is only found in male adults (HR 4.55, 95% CI 2.25– 9.23).Conclusion: GADA has a low prevalence in China but is associated with a 2.63– 4.16-fold increased risk for diabetes.Keywords: autoimmune diabetes, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, obesity, prevention |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:11:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-38fee11c9a814f6092f4c66985eddad1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-7007 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:11:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity |
| spelling | doaj.art-38fee11c9a814f6092f4c66985eddad12023-02-02T10:41:33ZengDove Medical PressDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity1178-70072021-03-01Volume 1488589362607Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in ChinaLi JLin SDeng CXu TJing Li,1 Songbai Lin,1 Chuiwen Deng,2 Tengda Xu1 1Department of Health Management, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Rheumatology and Immunology Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Tengda XuDepartment of Health Management, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 10 6915 9866Email xutd@pumch.cnPurpose: To investigate the prevalence of GAD antibody (GADA) in the general adult population and to evaluate its predictive value for diabetes in China.Patients and Methods: We searched the PUMCH-HM database and identified 36,731 adult subjects with GADA test results from 2012 to 2015. We then established a retrospective cohort of 4835 nondiabetic subjects at baseline with complete annual health evaluation records through 2019. The median follow-up time was 4.8 (3.0– 7.3) years.Results: The overall prevalence of GADA was 0.53% and was higher in diabetic subjects (1.25%) than in nondiabetic subjects (0.47%). We found a decrease in baseline body mass index (BMI) from the GADA- to GADAhigh subgroups among baseline diabetic and prediabetic patients and also those who developed diabetes later in the cohort study. A total of 136 subjects (2.8%) developed diabetes after a median follow-up of 3.5 years. For GADA+ participants, BMI was not associated with the risk for diabetes. In the Cox regression model, the GADAlow and GADAhigh exhibited 2.63-fold and 4.16-fold increased risk for diabetes, respectively. This increased risk for diabetes by GADA-positivity is only found in male adults (HR 4.55, 95% CI 2.25– 9.23).Conclusion: GADA has a low prevalence in China but is associated with a 2.63– 4.16-fold increased risk for diabetes.Keywords: autoimmune diabetes, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, obesity, preventionhttps://www.dovepress.com/predictive-value-of-gad-antibody-for-diabetes-in-normal-chinese-adults-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOautoimmune diabetesglutamic acid decarboxylase antibodylatent autoimmune diabetes in adultsobesityprevention |
| spellingShingle | Li J Lin S Deng C Xu T Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity autoimmune diabetes glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody latent autoimmune diabetes in adults obesity prevention |
| title | Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China |
| title_full | Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China |
| title_fullStr | Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China |
| title_short | Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China |
| title_sort | predictive value of gad antibody for diabetes in normal chinese adults a retrospective cohort study in china |
| topic | autoimmune diabetes glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody latent autoimmune diabetes in adults obesity prevention |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/predictive-value-of-gad-antibody-for-diabetes-in-normal-chinese-adults-peer-reviewed-article-DMSO |
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