| Summary: | Objectives: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a major part of cardiac surgery that provokes systemic inflammatory reactions, myocardial ischemia, and ischemia and reperfusion damage. The aim of this study is to summarize the available evidence and evaluate whether exogenous nitric oxide administered via CPB circuits can improve recovery after cardiac surgery in children. Method: A comprehensive search of the PubMed Medline, Ovid, Cochrane Library and Embase databases was conducted in September 2022. Only randomized controlled trials that compared nitro oxide with placebo or standard care were included. Results: This pooled analysis included 5 RCTs containing 1642 patients. There were significant differences in the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation between the nitric oxide group and the control group (mean difference −5.645 h; 95% CL = −9.978, −1.313; P = 0.01). Meta-analysis of the length of ICU stay and hospital stay showed no significant differences. Conclusion: Delivering nitric oxide via CPB in pediatric cardiac surgery has an effect on reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation. Considering the small effect size, we should be cautious and think comprehensively in clinical practice.
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