Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Comparison to a Blind Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block in Cows: A Cadaveric Study
The proximal paravertebral nerve block is commonly used to provide anaesthesia to the flank during standing surgical procedures in adult cattle. It has been reported that additional anaesthetic infiltration may be necessary to provide complete anaesthesia. In humans as well as animal species, anothe...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2191 |
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| author | Olivia D’Anselme Amanda Hartnack Jose Suarez Sanchez Andrade Christian Alfaro Rojas Simone Katja Ringer Paula de Carvalho Papa |
| author_facet | Olivia D’Anselme Amanda Hartnack Jose Suarez Sanchez Andrade Christian Alfaro Rojas Simone Katja Ringer Paula de Carvalho Papa |
| author_sort | Olivia D’Anselme |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The proximal paravertebral nerve block is commonly used to provide anaesthesia to the flank during standing surgical procedures in adult cattle. It has been reported that additional anaesthetic infiltration may be necessary to provide complete anaesthesia. In humans as well as animal species, another technique—the ultrasound (US)-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB)—has been described. The goal of the present study was to develop and investigate an US-guided ESPB in comparison to a blind proximal paravertebral nerve block (PPNB) in cow cadavers. In 10 cadaver specimens, injections of methylene blue-lidocaine (1:1) were performed at the level of T13, L1 and L2 vertebras, on one side doing an ESPB block and, on the other side, a PPNB. Five cadavers were injected with high (40 mL per injection for PPNB and 20 mL for ESPB) and five with low (20 and 15 mL, respectively) volumes of injectate. For the ESPB, the ultrasound probe was oriented craniocaudally, and the ventral-cranial aspect of the articular processes (T13, L1 and L2) was targeted for injection. The dye spreading was evaluated by dissection. The landmarks for US-guided injection were easily visualized; however, injections were accidentally performed at T12, T13 and L1. Nevertheless, L2 was stained in 60% of ESPBs. Epidural spreading was observed with both techniques and all volumes. Viscera puncture was reported in two PPNBs. The ESPB resulted in similar nerve staining compared to the PPNB while using a lower volume of injectate. Even better staining is expected with a T13-L2 instead of a T12-L1 ESPB approach. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical efficacy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:08:22Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:08:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-391449dfe3194156b585c7ee12bc335d2023-11-23T12:36:45ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-08-011217219110.3390/ani12172191Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Comparison to a Blind Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block in Cows: A Cadaveric StudyOlivia D’Anselme0Amanda Hartnack1Jose Suarez Sanchez Andrade2Christian Alfaro Rojas3Simone Katja Ringer4Paula de Carvalho Papa5Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Farm Animal, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Diagnostic Imaging Large Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Section of Anaesthesiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandThe proximal paravertebral nerve block is commonly used to provide anaesthesia to the flank during standing surgical procedures in adult cattle. It has been reported that additional anaesthetic infiltration may be necessary to provide complete anaesthesia. In humans as well as animal species, another technique—the ultrasound (US)-guided erector spinae plane block (ESPB)—has been described. The goal of the present study was to develop and investigate an US-guided ESPB in comparison to a blind proximal paravertebral nerve block (PPNB) in cow cadavers. In 10 cadaver specimens, injections of methylene blue-lidocaine (1:1) were performed at the level of T13, L1 and L2 vertebras, on one side doing an ESPB block and, on the other side, a PPNB. Five cadavers were injected with high (40 mL per injection for PPNB and 20 mL for ESPB) and five with low (20 and 15 mL, respectively) volumes of injectate. For the ESPB, the ultrasound probe was oriented craniocaudally, and the ventral-cranial aspect of the articular processes (T13, L1 and L2) was targeted for injection. The dye spreading was evaluated by dissection. The landmarks for US-guided injection were easily visualized; however, injections were accidentally performed at T12, T13 and L1. Nevertheless, L2 was stained in 60% of ESPBs. Epidural spreading was observed with both techniques and all volumes. Viscera puncture was reported in two PPNBs. The ESPB resulted in similar nerve staining compared to the PPNB while using a lower volume of injectate. Even better staining is expected with a T13-L2 instead of a T12-L1 ESPB approach. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the clinical efficacy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2191erector spinae plane blockcattleregional anaesthesiaspinal nervesparavertebral anaesthesia |
| spellingShingle | Olivia D’Anselme Amanda Hartnack Jose Suarez Sanchez Andrade Christian Alfaro Rojas Simone Katja Ringer Paula de Carvalho Papa Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Comparison to a Blind Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block in Cows: A Cadaveric Study Animals erector spinae plane block cattle regional anaesthesia spinal nerves paravertebral anaesthesia |
| title | Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Comparison to a Blind Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block in Cows: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_full | Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Comparison to a Blind Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block in Cows: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_fullStr | Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Comparison to a Blind Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block in Cows: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Comparison to a Blind Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block in Cows: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_short | Description of an Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block and Comparison to a Blind Proximal Paravertebral Nerve Block in Cows: A Cadaveric Study |
| title_sort | description of an ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block and comparison to a blind proximal paravertebral nerve block in cows a cadaveric study |
| topic | erector spinae plane block cattle regional anaesthesia spinal nerves paravertebral anaesthesia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/17/2191 |
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