Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil
Industrial waste is produced in large amounts annually; without proper planning, the waste might cause a serious threat to the environment. Hence, an industrial waste-based heterogeneous magnetic catalyst was synthesized using carbide lime waste (CLW) as raw material for biodiesel production via tra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/12412 |
| _version_ | 1797677876206632960 |
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| author | Shamala Gowri Krishnan Fei-Ling Pua Hong-Hua Lim |
| author_facet | Shamala Gowri Krishnan Fei-Ling Pua Hong-Hua Lim |
| author_sort | Shamala Gowri Krishnan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Industrial waste is produced in large amounts annually; without proper planning, the waste might cause a serious threat to the environment. Hence, an industrial waste-based heterogeneous magnetic catalyst was synthesized using carbide lime waste (CLW) as raw material for biodiesel production via transesterification of palm oil. The catalyst was successfully synthesized by the one-step impregnation method and calcination at 600 °C. The synthesized catalyst, C-CLW/g-Fe2O3, was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The catalyst has a specific surface area of 18.54 m2/g and high basicity of 3,637.20 µmol/g. The catalytic performance shows that the optimum reaction conditions are 6 wt% catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio with the reaction time of 3 h at 60 °C to produce 90.5% biodiesel yield. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity and magnetism, indicating that the CLW can be a potential raw material for catalyst preparation and application in the biodiesel industry. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T22:51:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-391711009d214bcc9c83743a9313218c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1978-2993 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T22:51:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis |
| spelling | doaj.art-391711009d214bcc9c83743a9313218c2023-09-22T03:26:41ZengMasyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis1978-29932022-03-01171536410.9767/bcrec.17.1.12412.53-645738Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm OilShamala Gowri Krishnan0Fei-Ling Pua1Hong-Hua Lim2College of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaInstitute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor , MalaysiaCollege of Graduate Studies, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaIndustrial waste is produced in large amounts annually; without proper planning, the waste might cause a serious threat to the environment. Hence, an industrial waste-based heterogeneous magnetic catalyst was synthesized using carbide lime waste (CLW) as raw material for biodiesel production via transesterification of palm oil. The catalyst was successfully synthesized by the one-step impregnation method and calcination at 600 °C. The synthesized catalyst, C-CLW/g-Fe2O3, was characterized by temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The catalyst has a specific surface area of 18.54 m2/g and high basicity of 3,637.20 µmol/g. The catalytic performance shows that the optimum reaction conditions are 6 wt% catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol to oil molar ratio with the reaction time of 3 h at 60 °C to produce 90.5% biodiesel yield. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity and magnetism, indicating that the CLW can be a potential raw material for catalyst preparation and application in the biodiesel industry. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/12412carbide lime wastemagneticbase catalysttransesterificationpalm oil |
| spellingShingle | Shamala Gowri Krishnan Fei-Ling Pua Hong-Hua Lim Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis carbide lime waste magnetic base catalyst transesterification palm oil |
| title | Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil |
| title_full | Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil |
| title_short | Synthesis of Magnetic Base Catalyst from Industrial Waste for Transesterification of Palm Oil |
| title_sort | synthesis of magnetic base catalyst from industrial waste for transesterification of palm oil |
| topic | carbide lime waste magnetic base catalyst transesterification palm oil |
| url | https://journal.bcrec.id/index.php/bcrec/article/view/12412 |
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