| Summary: | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are incurable degenerative scleroses with unclear etiology. Neuroinflammation is an important factor in the neurodegeneration characteristic of these diseases. Additionally, Interleukin 10 (IL10) can inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and plays a protective role against neurodegeneration associated with neuroinflammation. Thus, we developed a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to clarify the relationship between polymorphisms in the <i>IL10</i> gene and MS and/or ALS. We searched for observational studies in four international databases without time restrictions. Seventeen studies were added to the systematic review and six polymorphisms were observed: <i>IL10</i><sub>-592</sub> (rs1800872; C>A)<i>, IL10</i><sub>-819</sub> (rs1800871; C>T)<i>, IL10</i><sub>-1082</sub> (rs1800896; A>G)<i>, IL10</i><sub>-2763</sub> (rs6693899; A>C)<i>, IL10</i><sub>-2849</sub> (rs6703630; A>G) and <i>IL10</i><sub>-3575</sub> (rs1800890; A>T). In the meta-analysis, we used odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate the association of <i>IL10</i><sub>-1082</sub><i>, IL10</i><sub>-819</sub> and <i>IL10</i><sub>-592</sub> polymorphisms and MS. We found a positive association of MS with the <i>IL10</i><sub>-1082</sub> SNP in genotypic comparison (AG+GG vs. AA) (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.01–1.51; <i>p</i> = 0.04). Our search did not find any article relating polymorphisms in the <i>IL10</i> gene with ALS. Therefore, our analysis indicates a possible association of <i>IL10</i> gene SNPs in the development and progression of MS.
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