Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional Charging
One of the crucial steps for a successful integration of electric bus fleets into the existing electric power systems is the active and intelligent usage of their flexibility. This is important not only for reducing the eventual negative effects on the power grid but also for reducing energy and inf...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3639 |
| _version_ | 1797500156992552960 |
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| author | Amra Jahic Felix Heider Maik Plenz Detlef Schulz |
| author_facet | Amra Jahic Felix Heider Maik Plenz Detlef Schulz |
| author_sort | Amra Jahic |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the crucial steps for a successful integration of electric bus fleets into the existing electric power systems is the active and intelligent usage of their flexibility. This is important not only for reducing the eventual negative effects on the power grid but also for reducing energy and infrastructure costs. The first step in the optimal usage of flexibility is its quantification, which allows the maximum provision of flexibility without any negative effects for the fleet operation. This paper explores the available flexibility of large-scale electric bus fleets with a concept of centralized and unidirectional depot charging. An assessment of available positive and negative flexibility was conducted based on the data from two real bus depots in the city of Hamburg, Germany. The analysis shows the biggest flexibility potential was in the period from 16:00 h to 24:00 h, and the smallest one was in the periods from 08:00 h to 16:00 h, as well as from 02:00 h to 08:00 h. The paper also gives an overview of the possible markets for flexibility commercialization in Germany, which can provide an additional economic benefit for the fleet operators. A further analysis of the impact of parameters such as the timeline (working day or weekend), charging concept, ambient temperature, and electrical preconditioning provides an additional understanding of available flexibility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39200802883c481aa8a1cfe181167e21 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:57:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-39200802883c481aa8a1cfe181167e212023-11-23T10:51:01ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-05-011510363910.3390/en15103639Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional ChargingAmra Jahic0Felix Heider1Maik Plenz2Detlef Schulz3Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut-Schmidt-University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, GermanyFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut-Schmidt-University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, GermanyFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut-Schmidt-University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, GermanyFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut-Schmidt-University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, GermanyOne of the crucial steps for a successful integration of electric bus fleets into the existing electric power systems is the active and intelligent usage of their flexibility. This is important not only for reducing the eventual negative effects on the power grid but also for reducing energy and infrastructure costs. The first step in the optimal usage of flexibility is its quantification, which allows the maximum provision of flexibility without any negative effects for the fleet operation. This paper explores the available flexibility of large-scale electric bus fleets with a concept of centralized and unidirectional depot charging. An assessment of available positive and negative flexibility was conducted based on the data from two real bus depots in the city of Hamburg, Germany. The analysis shows the biggest flexibility potential was in the period from 16:00 h to 24:00 h, and the smallest one was in the periods from 08:00 h to 16:00 h, as well as from 02:00 h to 08:00 h. The paper also gives an overview of the possible markets for flexibility commercialization in Germany, which can provide an additional economic benefit for the fleet operators. A further analysis of the impact of parameters such as the timeline (working day or weekend), charging concept, ambient temperature, and electrical preconditioning provides an additional understanding of available flexibility.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3639flexibility quantificationelectric busescentralized depot chargingcharging managementflexibility usage |
| spellingShingle | Amra Jahic Felix Heider Maik Plenz Detlef Schulz Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional Charging Energies flexibility quantification electric buses centralized depot charging charging management flexibility usage |
| title | Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional Charging |
| title_full | Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional Charging |
| title_fullStr | Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional Charging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional Charging |
| title_short | Flexibility Quantification and the Potential for Its Usage in the Case of Electric Bus Depots with Unidirectional Charging |
| title_sort | flexibility quantification and the potential for its usage in the case of electric bus depots with unidirectional charging |
| topic | flexibility quantification electric buses centralized depot charging charging management flexibility usage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/10/3639 |
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