Diversity and distribution of marine Synechococcus: multiple gene phylogenies for consensus classification and development of qPCR assays for sensitive measurement of clades in the ocean
Marine Synechococcus is a globally significant genus of cyanobacteria that is comprised of multiple genetic lineages or clades. These clades are thought to represent ecologically distinct units, or ecotypes. Because multiple clades often co-occur together in the oceans, Synechococcus are ideal micro...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2012-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00213/full |
| _version_ | 1818547754311352320 |
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| author | Nathan A Ahlgren Gabrielle eRocap |
| author_facet | Nathan A Ahlgren Gabrielle eRocap |
| author_sort | Nathan A Ahlgren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine Synechococcus is a globally significant genus of cyanobacteria that is comprised of multiple genetic lineages or clades. These clades are thought to represent ecologically distinct units, or ecotypes. Because multiple clades often co-occur together in the oceans, Synechococcus are ideal microbes to explore how closely related bacterial taxa within the same functional guild of organisms coexist and partition marine habitats. Here we perform multi-locus sequencing of cultured strains to confirm the congruency of clade classifications between the 16S-23S rDNA internally transcribed spacer (ITS), 16S rDNA, narB, ntcA, and rpoC1, loci commonly used in Synechococcus diversity studies. We designed quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays that target the ITS for ten Synechococcus clades, including four clades, XV, XVI, CRD1, and CRD2, not covered by previous assays employing other loci. Our new qPCR assays are very sensitive and specific, detecting as few as tens of cells per ml. Application of these qPCR assays to field samples from the northwest Atlantic showed clear shifts in Synechococcus community composition across a coastal to open ocean transect. Consistent with previous studies, clades I and IV dominated cold, coastal Synechococcus communities. Clades II and X were abundant at the two warmer, off-shore stations, and at all stations multiple Synechococcus clades co-occurred. qPCR assays developed here provide valuable tools to further explore the dynamics of microbial community structure and the mechanisms of co-existence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:10:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39331f9679304032b3694e843f7241ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T08:10:54Z |
| publishDate | 2012-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-39331f9679304032b3694e843f7241ec2022-12-22T00:31:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2012-06-01310.3389/fmicb.2012.0021323758Diversity and distribution of marine Synechococcus: multiple gene phylogenies for consensus classification and development of qPCR assays for sensitive measurement of clades in the oceanNathan A Ahlgren0Gabrielle eRocap1University of WashingtonUniversity of WashingtonMarine Synechococcus is a globally significant genus of cyanobacteria that is comprised of multiple genetic lineages or clades. These clades are thought to represent ecologically distinct units, or ecotypes. Because multiple clades often co-occur together in the oceans, Synechococcus are ideal microbes to explore how closely related bacterial taxa within the same functional guild of organisms coexist and partition marine habitats. Here we perform multi-locus sequencing of cultured strains to confirm the congruency of clade classifications between the 16S-23S rDNA internally transcribed spacer (ITS), 16S rDNA, narB, ntcA, and rpoC1, loci commonly used in Synechococcus diversity studies. We designed quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays that target the ITS for ten Synechococcus clades, including four clades, XV, XVI, CRD1, and CRD2, not covered by previous assays employing other loci. Our new qPCR assays are very sensitive and specific, detecting as few as tens of cells per ml. Application of these qPCR assays to field samples from the northwest Atlantic showed clear shifts in Synechococcus community composition across a coastal to open ocean transect. Consistent with previous studies, clades I and IV dominated cold, coastal Synechococcus communities. Clades II and X were abundant at the two warmer, off-shore stations, and at all stations multiple Synechococcus clades co-occurred. qPCR assays developed here provide valuable tools to further explore the dynamics of microbial community structure and the mechanisms of co-existence.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00213/fullCyanobacteriaSynechococcusecotypequantitative PCRmultiple gene locus phylogenybiogeography |
| spellingShingle | Nathan A Ahlgren Gabrielle eRocap Diversity and distribution of marine Synechococcus: multiple gene phylogenies for consensus classification and development of qPCR assays for sensitive measurement of clades in the ocean Frontiers in Microbiology Cyanobacteria Synechococcus ecotype quantitative PCR multiple gene locus phylogeny biogeography |
| title | Diversity and distribution of marine Synechococcus: multiple gene phylogenies for consensus classification and development of qPCR assays for sensitive measurement of clades in the ocean |
| title_full | Diversity and distribution of marine Synechococcus: multiple gene phylogenies for consensus classification and development of qPCR assays for sensitive measurement of clades in the ocean |
| title_fullStr | Diversity and distribution of marine Synechococcus: multiple gene phylogenies for consensus classification and development of qPCR assays for sensitive measurement of clades in the ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and distribution of marine Synechococcus: multiple gene phylogenies for consensus classification and development of qPCR assays for sensitive measurement of clades in the ocean |
| title_short | Diversity and distribution of marine Synechococcus: multiple gene phylogenies for consensus classification and development of qPCR assays for sensitive measurement of clades in the ocean |
| title_sort | diversity and distribution of marine synechococcus multiple gene phylogenies for consensus classification and development of qpcr assays for sensitive measurement of clades in the ocean |
| topic | Cyanobacteria Synechococcus ecotype quantitative PCR multiple gene locus phylogeny biogeography |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2012.00213/full |
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