Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future Possibilities
COVID-19, a significant global health threat, appears to be an immune-related disease. Failure of effective immune responses in initial stages of infection may contribute to development of cytokine storm and systemic inflammation with organ damage, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Disease severity...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/15122 |
| _version_ | 1797463059300614144 |
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| author | Zuzana Nova Tomas Zemanek Norbert Botek |
| author_facet | Zuzana Nova Tomas Zemanek Norbert Botek |
| author_sort | Zuzana Nova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | COVID-19, a significant global health threat, appears to be an immune-related disease. Failure of effective immune responses in initial stages of infection may contribute to development of cytokine storm and systemic inflammation with organ damage, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Disease severity and the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants highlight the need for new preventative and therapeutic strategies to protect the immunocompromised population. Available data indicate that these people may benefit from adoptive transfer of allogeneic SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells isolated from convalescent individuals. This review first provides an insight into the mechanism of cytokine storm development, as it is directly related to the exhaustion of T cell population, essential for viral clearance and long-term antiviral immunity. Next, we describe virus-specific T lymphocytes as a promising and efficient approach for the treatment and prevention of severe COVID-19. Furthermore, other potential cell-based therapies, including natural killer cells, regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stem cells are mentioned. Additionally, we discuss fast and effective ways of producing clinical-grade antigen-specific T cells which can be cryopreserved and serve as an effective “off-the-shelf” approach for rapid treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in case of sudden patient deterioration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:45:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-393ca570070d4d459ed385cbdb8afa91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:45:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-393ca570070d4d459ed385cbdb8afa912023-11-24T11:13:38ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-12-0123231512210.3390/ijms232315122Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future PossibilitiesZuzana Nova0Tomas Zemanek1Norbert Botek2Lambda Life a.s., Levocska 3617/3, 851 01 Bratislava, SlovakiaLambda Life a.s., Levocska 3617/3, 851 01 Bratislava, SlovakiaLambda Life a.s., Levocska 3617/3, 851 01 Bratislava, SlovakiaCOVID-19, a significant global health threat, appears to be an immune-related disease. Failure of effective immune responses in initial stages of infection may contribute to development of cytokine storm and systemic inflammation with organ damage, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Disease severity and the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants highlight the need for new preventative and therapeutic strategies to protect the immunocompromised population. Available data indicate that these people may benefit from adoptive transfer of allogeneic SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells isolated from convalescent individuals. This review first provides an insight into the mechanism of cytokine storm development, as it is directly related to the exhaustion of T cell population, essential for viral clearance and long-term antiviral immunity. Next, we describe virus-specific T lymphocytes as a promising and efficient approach for the treatment and prevention of severe COVID-19. Furthermore, other potential cell-based therapies, including natural killer cells, regulatory T cells and mesenchymal stem cells are mentioned. Additionally, we discuss fast and effective ways of producing clinical-grade antigen-specific T cells which can be cryopreserved and serve as an effective “off-the-shelf” approach for rapid treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in case of sudden patient deterioration.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/15122COVID-19severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2virus-specific T cellscellular therapiesimmunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Zuzana Nova Tomas Zemanek Norbert Botek Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future Possibilities International Journal of Molecular Sciences COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus-specific T cells cellular therapies immunotherapy |
| title | Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future Possibilities |
| title_full | Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future Possibilities |
| title_fullStr | Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future Possibilities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future Possibilities |
| title_short | Antigen-Specific T Cells and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Current Approaches and Future Possibilities |
| title_sort | antigen specific t cells and sars cov 2 infection current approaches and future possibilities |
| topic | COVID-19 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus-specific T cells cellular therapies immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/23/15122 |
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