Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A review
Many physical, chemical, and/or enzymatic treatments have been used to open the structure of lignocellulosic biomass, separate its components and obtain cellulose. The alkaline-bleaching treatment is most preferred in terms of reagent availability. In terms of cellulose yield and quality, however, t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific African |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227621003793 |
| _version_ | 1819018055855898624 |
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| author | Emmanuel Pinto Wilberforce Nkrumah Aggrey Patrick Boakye Gershon Amenuvor Yen Adams Sokama-Neuyam Michael Kwadwo Fokuo Hassan Karimaie Kwame Sarkodie Caspar Daniel Adenutsi Samuel Erzuah Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm Rockson |
| author_facet | Emmanuel Pinto Wilberforce Nkrumah Aggrey Patrick Boakye Gershon Amenuvor Yen Adams Sokama-Neuyam Michael Kwadwo Fokuo Hassan Karimaie Kwame Sarkodie Caspar Daniel Adenutsi Samuel Erzuah Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm Rockson |
| author_sort | Emmanuel Pinto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many physical, chemical, and/or enzymatic treatments have been used to open the structure of lignocellulosic biomass, separate its components and obtain cellulose. The alkaline-bleaching treatment is most preferred in terms of reagent availability. In terms of cellulose yield and quality, however, there are inconsistencies with the alkaline-bleaching treatment. Similarly, the optimum conditions for carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) synthesis from cellulose mercerization and etherification are vague. This review paper investigates and compares the various conditions applied in CMC synthesis and recommends efficient processes and optimal conditions for increasing CMC yield and quality. Recommended mercerization parameters are 25–30% (w/v) NaOH, 1–1.5 h and 25–28 °C. Recommended etherification parameters are 1.2 g chloroacetic acid (CAA) or sodium chloroacetate (SCA)/g cellulose, 3–3.5 h and 50–55 °C. The source material and extraction process determines the quality of the cellulose produced. Therefore, identifying the most efficient methods and underlying conditions for various cellulose sources is important. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:13:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3948e810de4e45528bfff56cbeb3a451 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2468-2276 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:13:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific African |
| spelling | doaj.art-3948e810de4e45528bfff56cbeb3a4512022-12-21T19:17:55ZengElsevierScientific African2468-22762022-03-0115e01078Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A reviewEmmanuel Pinto0Wilberforce Nkrumah Aggrey1Patrick Boakye2Gershon Amenuvor3Yen Adams Sokama-Neuyam4Michael Kwadwo Fokuo5Hassan Karimaie6Kwame Sarkodie7Caspar Daniel Adenutsi8Samuel Erzuah9Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm Rockson10Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, Ghana; Corresponding author.Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, PMB, UPO, Kumasi, GhanaMany physical, chemical, and/or enzymatic treatments have been used to open the structure of lignocellulosic biomass, separate its components and obtain cellulose. The alkaline-bleaching treatment is most preferred in terms of reagent availability. In terms of cellulose yield and quality, however, there are inconsistencies with the alkaline-bleaching treatment. Similarly, the optimum conditions for carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) synthesis from cellulose mercerization and etherification are vague. This review paper investigates and compares the various conditions applied in CMC synthesis and recommends efficient processes and optimal conditions for increasing CMC yield and quality. Recommended mercerization parameters are 25–30% (w/v) NaOH, 1–1.5 h and 25–28 °C. Recommended etherification parameters are 1.2 g chloroacetic acid (CAA) or sodium chloroacetate (SCA)/g cellulose, 3–3.5 h and 50–55 °C. The source material and extraction process determines the quality of the cellulose produced. Therefore, identifying the most efficient methods and underlying conditions for various cellulose sources is important.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227621003793BleachingCarboxymethylcelluloseCharacterizationExtractionSynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Emmanuel Pinto Wilberforce Nkrumah Aggrey Patrick Boakye Gershon Amenuvor Yen Adams Sokama-Neuyam Michael Kwadwo Fokuo Hassan Karimaie Kwame Sarkodie Caspar Daniel Adenutsi Samuel Erzuah Mizpah Ama Dziedzorm Rockson Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A review Scientific African Bleaching Carboxymethylcellulose Characterization Extraction Synthesis |
| title | Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A review |
| title_full | Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A review |
| title_fullStr | Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A review |
| title_short | Cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose: A review |
| title_sort | cellulose processing from biomass and its derivatization into carboxymethylcellulose a review |
| topic | Bleaching Carboxymethylcellulose Characterization Extraction Synthesis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227621003793 |
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