Preclinical Autoimmune Disease: a Comparison of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes

The preclinical phase of autoimmune disorders is characterized by an initial asymptomatic phase of varying length followed by nonspecific signs and symptoms. A variety of autoimmune and inflammatory manifestations can be present and tend to increase in the last months to years before a clinical diag...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Giulia Frazzei, Ronald F. van Vollenhoven, Brigit A. de Jong, Sarah E. Siegelaar, Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.899372/full