Land and Seabed Surface Modelling in the Coastal Zone Using UAV/USV-Based Data Integration
The coastal zone is an area that includes the sea coast and adjacent parts of the land and sea, where the mutual interaction of these environments is clearly marked. Hence, the modelling of the land and seabed parts of the coastal zone is crucial and necessary in order to determine the dynamic chang...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8020 |
| _version_ | 1797575216414588928 |
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| author | Oktawia Specht |
| author_facet | Oktawia Specht |
| author_sort | Oktawia Specht |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coastal zone is an area that includes the sea coast and adjacent parts of the land and sea, where the mutual interaction of these environments is clearly marked. Hence, the modelling of the land and seabed parts of the coastal zone is crucial and necessary in order to determine the dynamic changes taking place in this area. The accurate determination of the terrain in the coastal zone is now possible thanks to the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). The aim of this article is to present land and seabed surface modelling in the coastal zone using UAV/USV-based data integration. Bathymetric and photogrammetric measurements were carried out on the waterbody adjacent to a public beach in Gdynia (Poland) in 2022 using the DJI Phantom 4 Real Time Kinematic (RTK) UAV and the AutoDron USV. As a result of geospatial data integration, topo-bathymetric models in the coastal zone were developed using the following terrain-modelling methods: Inverse Distance to a Power (IDP), kriging, Modified Shepard’s Method (MSM) and Natural Neighbour Interpolation (NNI). Then, the accuracies of the selected models obtained using the different interpolation methods, taking into account the division into land and seabed parts, were analysed. Research has shown that the most accurate method for modelling both the land and seabed surfaces of the coastal zone is the kriging (linear model) method. The differences between the interpolated and measurement values of the R95 measurement are 0.032 m for the land part and 0.034 m for the seabed part. It should also be noted that the data interpolated by the kriging (linear model) method showed a very good fit to the measurement data recorded by the UAVs and USVs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:35:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-394e50e8e09347299ec5370e23cf1909 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:35:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-394e50e8e09347299ec5370e23cf19092023-11-19T15:01:34ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-09-012319802010.3390/s23198020Land and Seabed Surface Modelling in the Coastal Zone Using UAV/USV-Based Data IntegrationOktawia Specht0Department of Transport and Logistics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, PolandThe coastal zone is an area that includes the sea coast and adjacent parts of the land and sea, where the mutual interaction of these environments is clearly marked. Hence, the modelling of the land and seabed parts of the coastal zone is crucial and necessary in order to determine the dynamic changes taking place in this area. The accurate determination of the terrain in the coastal zone is now possible thanks to the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). The aim of this article is to present land and seabed surface modelling in the coastal zone using UAV/USV-based data integration. Bathymetric and photogrammetric measurements were carried out on the waterbody adjacent to a public beach in Gdynia (Poland) in 2022 using the DJI Phantom 4 Real Time Kinematic (RTK) UAV and the AutoDron USV. As a result of geospatial data integration, topo-bathymetric models in the coastal zone were developed using the following terrain-modelling methods: Inverse Distance to a Power (IDP), kriging, Modified Shepard’s Method (MSM) and Natural Neighbour Interpolation (NNI). Then, the accuracies of the selected models obtained using the different interpolation methods, taking into account the division into land and seabed parts, were analysed. Research has shown that the most accurate method for modelling both the land and seabed surfaces of the coastal zone is the kriging (linear model) method. The differences between the interpolated and measurement values of the R95 measurement are 0.032 m for the land part and 0.034 m for the seabed part. It should also be noted that the data interpolated by the kriging (linear model) method showed a very good fit to the measurement data recorded by the UAVs and USVs.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8020terrain modellingland surfaceseabed surfacegeospatial datacoastal zoneUnmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) |
| spellingShingle | Oktawia Specht Land and Seabed Surface Modelling in the Coastal Zone Using UAV/USV-Based Data Integration Sensors terrain modelling land surface seabed surface geospatial data coastal zone Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) |
| title | Land and Seabed Surface Modelling in the Coastal Zone Using UAV/USV-Based Data Integration |
| title_full | Land and Seabed Surface Modelling in the Coastal Zone Using UAV/USV-Based Data Integration |
| title_fullStr | Land and Seabed Surface Modelling in the Coastal Zone Using UAV/USV-Based Data Integration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Land and Seabed Surface Modelling in the Coastal Zone Using UAV/USV-Based Data Integration |
| title_short | Land and Seabed Surface Modelling in the Coastal Zone Using UAV/USV-Based Data Integration |
| title_sort | land and seabed surface modelling in the coastal zone using uav usv based data integration |
| topic | terrain modelling land surface seabed surface geospatial data coastal zone Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8020 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oktawiaspecht landandseabedsurfacemodellinginthecoastalzoneusinguavusvbaseddataintegration |