Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter Leaf and Stem-Bark Extracts
This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical components, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial effects of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter leaves and stem bark. The extracts were obtained using different media (methanol, chloroform, and hexane). The DPPH and FRAP methods were...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/10/945 |
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| author | Oluwatosin Temilade Adu Yougasphree Naidoo Johnson Lin Temitope Samson Adu Venkataramegowda Sivaram Yaser Hassan Dewir Antar Nasr El-Banna |
| author_facet | Oluwatosin Temilade Adu Yougasphree Naidoo Johnson Lin Temitope Samson Adu Venkataramegowda Sivaram Yaser Hassan Dewir Antar Nasr El-Banna |
| author_sort | Oluwatosin Temilade Adu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical components, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial effects of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter leaves and stem bark. The extracts were obtained using different media (methanol, chloroform, and hexane). The DPPH and FRAP methods were used to assess the antioxidant activity and the Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic contents of the crude extracts. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts against five pathogenic bacteria were determined using the MIC, MBC, and agar-well diffusion methods. Flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols were identified in the <i>D. villosa</i> extracts. The mean concentrations of the methanolic leaf and stem-bark extracts against DPPH providing 50% inhibition were 9.53 ± 0.25 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup> and 9.52 ± 0.30 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. In addition, the total phenolic content within the test range of concentrations was found to be 28.45 ± 0.50 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of sample extract [mg·g<sup>−1</sup> (GAE)] (methanolic leaf extract) and 4.88 ± 0.36 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> (GAE) (methanolic stem-bark extract). The methanolic leaf extracts further showed promising antimicrobial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus,</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with inhibition zones of 18.0 ± 0.58, 23.5 ± 0.58, 20.0 ± 0.88, and 17.0 ± 2.0 mm, respectively which were comparable to the control (gentamicin and streptomycin). The results suggest that bioactive compounds are abundant in <i>D. villosa</i> leaves and stem bark and could serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants as well as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:08:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-395380e595e2478495cee4d828f7450b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:08:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-395380e595e2478495cee4d828f7450b2023-11-24T00:23:46ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242022-10-0181094510.3390/horticulturae8100945Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter Leaf and Stem-Bark ExtractsOluwatosin Temilade Adu0Yougasphree Naidoo1Johnson Lin2Temitope Samson Adu3Venkataramegowda Sivaram4Yaser Hassan Dewir5Antar Nasr El-Banna6School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South AfricaSchool of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South AfricaDepartment of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South AfricaDepartment of Physiological Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife 220005, NigeriaLaboratory of Biodiversity and Apiculture, Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Bangalore 560056, IndiaPlant Production Department, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaFederal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), 38104 Braunschweig, GermanyThis study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical components, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial effects of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter leaves and stem bark. The extracts were obtained using different media (methanol, chloroform, and hexane). The DPPH and FRAP methods were used to assess the antioxidant activity and the Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic contents of the crude extracts. The antimicrobial effects of the extracts against five pathogenic bacteria were determined using the MIC, MBC, and agar-well diffusion methods. Flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols were identified in the <i>D. villosa</i> extracts. The mean concentrations of the methanolic leaf and stem-bark extracts against DPPH providing 50% inhibition were 9.53 ± 0.25 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup> and 9.52 ± 0.30 μg·mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. In addition, the total phenolic content within the test range of concentrations was found to be 28.45 ± 0.50 mg of gallic acid equivalent per g of sample extract [mg·g<sup>−1</sup> (GAE)] (methanolic leaf extract) and 4.88 ± 0.36 mg·g<sup>−1</sup> (GAE) (methanolic stem-bark extract). The methanolic leaf extracts further showed promising antimicrobial activity against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus,</i> and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with inhibition zones of 18.0 ± 0.58, 23.5 ± 0.58, 20.0 ± 0.88, and 17.0 ± 2.0 mm, respectively which were comparable to the control (gentamicin and streptomycin). The results suggest that bioactive compounds are abundant in <i>D. villosa</i> leaves and stem bark and could serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants as well as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/10/945DPPHfree radicalsminimum inhibitory concentrationphenol content |
| spellingShingle | Oluwatosin Temilade Adu Yougasphree Naidoo Johnson Lin Temitope Samson Adu Venkataramegowda Sivaram Yaser Hassan Dewir Antar Nasr El-Banna Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter Leaf and Stem-Bark Extracts Horticulturae DPPH free radicals minimum inhibitory concentration phenol content |
| title | Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter Leaf and Stem-Bark Extracts |
| title_full | Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter Leaf and Stem-Bark Extracts |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter Leaf and Stem-Bark Extracts |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter Leaf and Stem-Bark Extracts |
| title_short | Phytochemical Screening and Biological Activities of <i>Diospyros villosa</i> (L.) De Winter Leaf and Stem-Bark Extracts |
| title_sort | phytochemical screening and biological activities of i diospyros villosa i l de winter leaf and stem bark extracts |
| topic | DPPH free radicals minimum inhibitory concentration phenol content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/10/945 |
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