Form identification of purple flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) based on gladius morphology
Stock structure information is an important part of bases for understanding the dynamics of cephalopod populations. Purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is an abundant and highly productive species in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. However, it is characteri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.956461/full |
| _version_ | 1811231013978767360 |
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| author | Kai Zhu Kai Zhu Dongming Lin Dongming Lin Dongming Lin Dongming Lin Xinjun Chen Xinjun Chen Xinjun Chen Xinjun Chen Kaida Xu Kaida Xu |
| author_facet | Kai Zhu Kai Zhu Dongming Lin Dongming Lin Dongming Lin Dongming Lin Xinjun Chen Xinjun Chen Xinjun Chen Xinjun Chen Kaida Xu Kaida Xu |
| author_sort | Kai Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Stock structure information is an important part of bases for understanding the dynamics of cephalopod populations. Purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is an abundant and highly productive species in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. However, it is characterized by a complex stock structure, and the stock discrimination is an urgent priority to understand basic biology and for stock assessment and management purposes. Here, we used gladius morphology to identify and discriminate the dwarf without a dorsal photophore and middle-sized typical forms of S. oualaniensis in the South China Sea. Results showed that both forms had double axes on the gladius and females consistently had a larger gladius than males. Multivariate analyses using the gladius morphometric characteristics indicated that individuals of dwarf form without a dorsal photophore were distinguished from those of middle-sized typical form, which was evidenced by the obvious groups and significant dissimilarity of gladii of these two forms. The discrimination based on the gladius morphometric characteristics showed a high rate of accuracy, in which a global discrimination accuracy was estimated to be 92.36% for both forms without regarding sexes and 65.82% for the discrimination to form and sex. In combination, these lines of evidence indicated that individuals of dwarf without a dorsal photophore and middle-sized typical forms of S. oualaniensis can be accurately distinguished using the gladius morphometric characteristics, and these results will warrant the application of the gladius to study the stock structure of S. oualaniensis and other squid else. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:38:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3958844286664373b18ef16bf46d6d89 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:38:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3958844286664373b18ef16bf46d6d892022-12-22T03:36:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452022-11-01910.3389/fmars.2022.956461956461Form identification of purple flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) based on gladius morphologyKai Zhu0Kai Zhu1Dongming Lin2Dongming Lin3Dongming Lin4Dongming Lin5Xinjun Chen6Xinjun Chen7Xinjun Chen8Xinjun Chen9Kaida Xu10Kaida Xu11Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilisation of Technology Research for Fishery Resources, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, ChinaScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for National Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaThe Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for National Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Sustainable Utilisation of Technology Research for Fishery Resources, Zhejiang Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Zhoushan, ChinaScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources for Key Fishing Grounds, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhoushan, ChinaStock structure information is an important part of bases for understanding the dynamics of cephalopod populations. Purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is an abundant and highly productive species in tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region. However, it is characterized by a complex stock structure, and the stock discrimination is an urgent priority to understand basic biology and for stock assessment and management purposes. Here, we used gladius morphology to identify and discriminate the dwarf without a dorsal photophore and middle-sized typical forms of S. oualaniensis in the South China Sea. Results showed that both forms had double axes on the gladius and females consistently had a larger gladius than males. Multivariate analyses using the gladius morphometric characteristics indicated that individuals of dwarf form without a dorsal photophore were distinguished from those of middle-sized typical form, which was evidenced by the obvious groups and significant dissimilarity of gladii of these two forms. The discrimination based on the gladius morphometric characteristics showed a high rate of accuracy, in which a global discrimination accuracy was estimated to be 92.36% for both forms without regarding sexes and 65.82% for the discrimination to form and sex. In combination, these lines of evidence indicated that individuals of dwarf without a dorsal photophore and middle-sized typical forms of S. oualaniensis can be accurately distinguished using the gladius morphometric characteristics, and these results will warrant the application of the gladius to study the stock structure of S. oualaniensis and other squid else.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.956461/fullSthenoteuthis oualaniensisgladiusform discriminationhard structureSouth China Sea |
| spellingShingle | Kai Zhu Kai Zhu Dongming Lin Dongming Lin Dongming Lin Dongming Lin Xinjun Chen Xinjun Chen Xinjun Chen Xinjun Chen Kaida Xu Kaida Xu Form identification of purple flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) based on gladius morphology Frontiers in Marine Science Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis gladius form discrimination hard structure South China Sea |
| title | Form identification of purple flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) based on gladius morphology |
| title_full | Form identification of purple flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) based on gladius morphology |
| title_fullStr | Form identification of purple flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) based on gladius morphology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Form identification of purple flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) based on gladius morphology |
| title_short | Form identification of purple flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) based on gladius morphology |
| title_sort | form identification of purple flying squid sthenoteuthis oualaniensis based on gladius morphology |
| topic | Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis gladius form discrimination hard structure South China Sea |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.956461/full |
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