Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study
Abstract Background Over the past years, polysaccharide-based scaffolds have emerged as the most promising material for tissue engineering. In the present study, carrageenan, an injectable scaffold has been used owing to its advantage and superior property. Cissus quadrangularis, a natural agent was...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-09-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02409-6 |
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| author | Sruthi Sairaman M. S. Nivedhitha Deepti Shrivastava Meshal Aber Al Onazi Hmoud Ali Algarni Mohammed Mustafa Ali Robaian Alqahtani Nouf AlQahtani Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja Krishnamachari Janani Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy M. P. Sudhakar Mohammad Khursheed Alam Kumar Chandan Srivastava |
| author_facet | Sruthi Sairaman M. S. Nivedhitha Deepti Shrivastava Meshal Aber Al Onazi Hmoud Ali Algarni Mohammed Mustafa Ali Robaian Alqahtani Nouf AlQahtani Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja Krishnamachari Janani Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy M. P. Sudhakar Mohammad Khursheed Alam Kumar Chandan Srivastava |
| author_sort | Sruthi Sairaman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Over the past years, polysaccharide-based scaffolds have emerged as the most promising material for tissue engineering. In the present study, carrageenan, an injectable scaffold has been used owing to its advantage and superior property. Cissus quadrangularis, a natural agent was incorporated into the carrageenan scaffold. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity and biocompatibility of this novel material. Methods The present in vitro study comprised of four study groups each constituting a sample of 15 with a total sample size of sixty (n = 60). The carrageenan hydrogel devoid of Cissus quadrangularis acted as the control group (Group-I). Based on the concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis (10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v) in carrageenan hydrogel, respective study groups namely II, III and IV were considered. Antioxidant activity was assessed using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, whereas the biocompatibility test was performed using a brine shrimp lethality assay. The microstructure and surface morphology of the hydrogel samples containing different concentrations of Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extract was investigated using SEM. One-way ANOVA with the post hoc tukey test was performed using SPSS software v22. Results A significant difference (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity was observed among the study groups. Group III reported the highest activity, whereas the control group showed the least antioxidant activity. Additionally, a significant (P < 0.01) drop in the antioxidant activity was observed in group IV when compared with group III. While assessing the biocompatibility, a significant (P < 0.001) dose-dependent increase in biocompatibility was observed with the increasing concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis. SEM analysis in group III showed even distribution throughout the hydrogel although the particles are close and densely arranged. Reduced antioxidant activity in group IV was probably due to clumping of the particles, thus reducing the active surface area. Conclusion Keeping the limitations of in vitro study, it can be assumed that a carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with 20% w/v Cissus quadrangularis can provide a favourable micro-environment as it is biocompatible and possess better antioxidant property. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:01:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3976980b72a6455c83a43541fcdc5afc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:01:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-3976980b72a6455c83a43541fcdc5afc2022-12-22T04:24:50ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312022-09-0122111010.1186/s12903-022-02409-6Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro studySruthi Sairaman0M. S. Nivedhitha1Deepti Shrivastava2Meshal Aber Al Onazi3Hmoud Ali Algarni4Mohammed Mustafa5Ali Robaian Alqahtani6Nouf AlQahtani7Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja8Krishnamachari Janani9Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy10M. P. Sudhakar11Mohammad Khursheed Alam12Kumar Chandan Srivastava13Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesPeriodontics, Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf UniversityDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf UniversityDepartment of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf UniversityDepartment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityDental Department, FM & PHC, NGHA-CRDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mamata Institute of Dental SciencesDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SRM Dental College, SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesDepartment of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesDepartment of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf UniversityOral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf UniversityAbstract Background Over the past years, polysaccharide-based scaffolds have emerged as the most promising material for tissue engineering. In the present study, carrageenan, an injectable scaffold has been used owing to its advantage and superior property. Cissus quadrangularis, a natural agent was incorporated into the carrageenan scaffold. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the antioxidant activity and biocompatibility of this novel material. Methods The present in vitro study comprised of four study groups each constituting a sample of 15 with a total sample size of sixty (n = 60). The carrageenan hydrogel devoid of Cissus quadrangularis acted as the control group (Group-I). Based on the concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis (10% w/v, 20% w/v and 30% w/v) in carrageenan hydrogel, respective study groups namely II, III and IV were considered. Antioxidant activity was assessed using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, whereas the biocompatibility test was performed using a brine shrimp lethality assay. The microstructure and surface morphology of the hydrogel samples containing different concentrations of Cissus quadrangularis aqueous extract was investigated using SEM. One-way ANOVA with the post hoc tukey test was performed using SPSS software v22. Results A significant difference (P < 0.05) in the antioxidant activity was observed among the study groups. Group III reported the highest activity, whereas the control group showed the least antioxidant activity. Additionally, a significant (P < 0.01) drop in the antioxidant activity was observed in group IV when compared with group III. While assessing the biocompatibility, a significant (P < 0.001) dose-dependent increase in biocompatibility was observed with the increasing concentration of aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis. SEM analysis in group III showed even distribution throughout the hydrogel although the particles are close and densely arranged. Reduced antioxidant activity in group IV was probably due to clumping of the particles, thus reducing the active surface area. Conclusion Keeping the limitations of in vitro study, it can be assumed that a carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with 20% w/v Cissus quadrangularis can provide a favourable micro-environment as it is biocompatible and possess better antioxidant property.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02409-6ScaffoldHydrogelCarrageenanCissus quadrangularisRegenerationDentin–pulp complex |
| spellingShingle | Sruthi Sairaman M. S. Nivedhitha Deepti Shrivastava Meshal Aber Al Onazi Hmoud Ali Algarni Mohammed Mustafa Ali Robaian Alqahtani Nouf AlQahtani Kavalipurapu Venkata Teja Krishnamachari Janani Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy M. P. Sudhakar Mohammad Khursheed Alam Kumar Chandan Srivastava Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study BMC Oral Health Scaffold Hydrogel Carrageenan Cissus quadrangularis Regeneration Dentin–pulp complex |
| title | Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study |
| title_full | Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study |
| title_fullStr | Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study |
| title_short | Biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with Cissus quadrangularis: an in vitro study |
| title_sort | biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of a novel carrageenan based injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporated with cissus quadrangularis an in vitro study |
| topic | Scaffold Hydrogel Carrageenan Cissus quadrangularis Regeneration Dentin–pulp complex |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02409-6 |
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