Induction of Systemic Resistance to <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> in Tomato through Foliar Application of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> Strain TBorg1 Culture Filtrate
The application of microbe-derived products as natural biocontrol agents to boost systemic disease resistance to virus infections in plants is a prospective strategy to make agriculture more sustainable and environmentally friendly. In the current study, the rhizobacterium <i>Bacillus amyloliq...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1830 |
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| author | Ahmed Abdelkhalek Dalia G. Aseel Lóránt Király András Künstler Hassan Moawad Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar |
| author_facet | Ahmed Abdelkhalek Dalia G. Aseel Lóránt Király András Künstler Hassan Moawad Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar |
| author_sort | Ahmed Abdelkhalek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The application of microbe-derived products as natural biocontrol agents to boost systemic disease resistance to virus infections in plants is a prospective strategy to make agriculture more sustainable and environmentally friendly. In the current study, the rhizobacterium <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain TBorg1 was identified based on <i>16S rRNA</i>, <i>rpoB</i>, and <i>gyrA</i> gene sequences, and evaluated for its efficiency in conferring protection of tomato from infection by <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> (TMV). Under greenhouse circumstances, foliar sprays of TBorg1 culture filtrate (TBorg1-CF) promoted tomato growth, lowered disease severity, and significantly decreased TMV accumulation in systemically infected leaves of treated plants relative to untreated controls. TMV accumulation was reduced by 90% following the dual treatment, applied 24 h before and after TMV infection. Significant increases in levels of total soluble carbohydrates, proteins, and ascorbic acid were also found. In addition, a significant rise in activities of enzymes capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (PPO and POX), as well as decreased levels of non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA) were observed, compared to untreated plants. Enhanced systemic resistance to TMV was indicated by significantly increased transcript accumulation of polyphenolic pathway (<i>C4H</i>, <i>HCT</i>, and <i>CHI</i>) and pathogenesis-related (<i>PR-1</i> and <i>PR-5</i>) genes. Out of the 15 compounds identified in the GC-MS analysis, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), as well as L-proline, N-valeryl-, and heptadecyl ester were present in the highest concentrations in the ethyl acetate extract of TBorg1-CF. In addition, significant amounts of n-hexadecanoic acid, pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-, nonane, 5-butyl-, and eicosane were also detected. These compounds may act as inducers of systemic resistance to viral infection. Our findings indicate that the newly isolated <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> strain TBorg1 could be a potentially useful rhizobacterium for promoting plant growth and a possible source of biocontrol agents for combating plant virus infections. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:41:17Z |
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| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-39777627882f4befac7726567f953cd22023-12-03T14:39:55ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-08-01148183010.3390/v14081830Induction of Systemic Resistance to <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> in Tomato through Foliar Application of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> Strain TBorg1 Culture FiltrateAhmed Abdelkhalek0Dalia G. Aseel1Lóránt Király2András Künstler3Hassan Moawad4Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar5Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, EgyptPlant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, ALCRI, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab City 21934, EgyptCentre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, ELKH, P.O. Box 102, H-1022 Budapest, HungaryCentre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, ELKH, P.O. Box 102, H-1022 Budapest, HungaryAgriculture Microbiology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, EgyptDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaThe application of microbe-derived products as natural biocontrol agents to boost systemic disease resistance to virus infections in plants is a prospective strategy to make agriculture more sustainable and environmentally friendly. In the current study, the rhizobacterium <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain TBorg1 was identified based on <i>16S rRNA</i>, <i>rpoB</i>, and <i>gyrA</i> gene sequences, and evaluated for its efficiency in conferring protection of tomato from infection by <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> (TMV). Under greenhouse circumstances, foliar sprays of TBorg1 culture filtrate (TBorg1-CF) promoted tomato growth, lowered disease severity, and significantly decreased TMV accumulation in systemically infected leaves of treated plants relative to untreated controls. TMV accumulation was reduced by 90% following the dual treatment, applied 24 h before and after TMV infection. Significant increases in levels of total soluble carbohydrates, proteins, and ascorbic acid were also found. In addition, a significant rise in activities of enzymes capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (PPO and POX), as well as decreased levels of non-enzymatic oxidative stress markers (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and MDA) were observed, compared to untreated plants. Enhanced systemic resistance to TMV was indicated by significantly increased transcript accumulation of polyphenolic pathway (<i>C4H</i>, <i>HCT</i>, and <i>CHI</i>) and pathogenesis-related (<i>PR-1</i> and <i>PR-5</i>) genes. Out of the 15 compounds identified in the GC-MS analysis, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), as well as L-proline, N-valeryl-, and heptadecyl ester were present in the highest concentrations in the ethyl acetate extract of TBorg1-CF. In addition, significant amounts of n-hexadecanoic acid, pyrrolo [1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-, nonane, 5-butyl-, and eicosane were also detected. These compounds may act as inducers of systemic resistance to viral infection. Our findings indicate that the newly isolated <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> strain TBorg1 could be a potentially useful rhizobacterium for promoting plant growth and a possible source of biocontrol agents for combating plant virus infections.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1830<i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>TMVoxidative stressdefense-related enzymesgene expressionGC-MS |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed Abdelkhalek Dalia G. Aseel Lóránt Király András Künstler Hassan Moawad Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar Induction of Systemic Resistance to <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> in Tomato through Foliar Application of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> Strain TBorg1 Culture Filtrate Viruses <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> TMV oxidative stress defense-related enzymes gene expression GC-MS |
| title | Induction of Systemic Resistance to <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> in Tomato through Foliar Application of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> Strain TBorg1 Culture Filtrate |
| title_full | Induction of Systemic Resistance to <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> in Tomato through Foliar Application of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> Strain TBorg1 Culture Filtrate |
| title_fullStr | Induction of Systemic Resistance to <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> in Tomato through Foliar Application of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> Strain TBorg1 Culture Filtrate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Induction of Systemic Resistance to <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> in Tomato through Foliar Application of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> Strain TBorg1 Culture Filtrate |
| title_short | Induction of Systemic Resistance to <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> in Tomato through Foliar Application of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> Strain TBorg1 Culture Filtrate |
| title_sort | induction of systemic resistance to i tobacco mosaic virus i in tomato through foliar application of i bacillus amyloliquefaciens i strain tborg1 culture filtrate |
| topic | <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> TMV oxidative stress defense-related enzymes gene expression GC-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/8/1830 |
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