Post-COVID-19 Symptoms and Heart Disease: Incidence, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes and Vaccination: Results from a Multi-Center International Prospective Registry (HOPE 2)

Background: Heart disease is linked to worse acute outcomes after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although long-term outcomes and prognostic factor data are lacking. We aim to characterize the outcomes and the impact of underlying heart diseases after surviving COVID-19 hospitalization. Methods...

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Main Authors: Ivan J. Núñez-Gil, Gisela Feltes, María C. Viana-Llamas, Sergio Raposeiras-Roubin, Rodolfo Romero, Emilio Alfonso-Rodríguez, Aitor Uribarri, Francesco Santoro, Víctor Becerra-Muñoz, Martino Pepe, Alex F. Castro-Mejía, Jaime Signes-Costa, Adelina Gonzalez, Francisco Marín, Javier Lopez-País, Enrico Cerrato, Olalla Vázquez-Cancela, Carolina Espejo-Paeres, Álvaro López Masjuan, Lazar Velicki, Ibrahim El-Battrawy, Harish Ramakrishna, Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz, Julián Perez-Villacastín
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-01-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/2/706
Description
Summary:Background: Heart disease is linked to worse acute outcomes after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although long-term outcomes and prognostic factor data are lacking. We aim to characterize the outcomes and the impact of underlying heart diseases after surviving COVID-19 hospitalization. Methods: We conducted an analysis of the prospective registry HOPE-2 (Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID-19-2, NCT04778020). We selected patients discharged alive and considered the primary end-point all-cause mortality during follow-up. As secondary main end-points, we included any readmission or any post-COVID-19 symptom. Clinical features and follow-up events are compared between those with and without cardiovascular disease. Factors with <i>p</i> < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were entered into the multivariate analysis to determine independent prognostic factors. Results: HOPE-2 closed on 31 December 2021, with 9299 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and 1805 died during this acute phase. Finally, 7014 patients with heart disease data were included in the present analysis, from 56 centers in 8 countries. Heart disease (+) patients were older (73 vs. 58 years old), more frequently male (63 vs. 56%), had more comorbidities than their counterparts, and suffered more frequently from post-COVID-19 complications and higher mortality (OR <sub>heart disease</sub>: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.81–3.84). Vaccination was found to be an independent protector factor (HR <sub>all-cause death</sub>: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04–0.19). Conclusions: After surviving the acute phase, patients with underlying heart disease continue to present a more complex clinical profile and worse outcomes including increased mortality. The COVID-19 vaccine could benefit survival in patients with heart disease during follow-up.
ISSN:2077-0383