High Frequency of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 Alleles Detected Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetic: Genetic Study in The Private Hospital in Yogyakarta
Smoking is a risk factor for type 2 diabetic (T2DM), since the nicotine in cigarettes can cause insulin resistance and increase lipolysis. Both of these can worsen the condition of patients with T2DM and increase treatment failure. Nicotine is metabolized to cotinine by the CYP2A6 enzyme encoded by...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universitas Sanata Dharma
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/JFSK/article/view/3902 |
| _version_ | 1797785715787956224 |
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| author | Christine Patramurti Dita Maria Virginia Fenty Fenty Christianus Heru Setiawan Jeffry Julianus Phebe Hendra Nicholas Adi Perdana Susanto |
| author_facet | Christine Patramurti Dita Maria Virginia Fenty Fenty Christianus Heru Setiawan Jeffry Julianus Phebe Hendra Nicholas Adi Perdana Susanto |
| author_sort | Christine Patramurti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Smoking is a risk factor for type 2 diabetic (T2DM), since the nicotine in cigarettes can cause insulin resistance and increase lipolysis. Both of these can worsen the condition of patients with T2DM and increase treatment failure. Nicotine is metabolized to cotinine by the CYP2A6 enzyme encoded by the CYP2A6 gene. This gene is highly polymorphic, with several inactive alleles, which are CYP2A6 *4, CYP2A6 *7, and CYP2A6 *9. Someone who has an inactive gene will experience being a slow or poor metabolizer. Therefore, the nicotine metabolism will decrease, nicotine blood levels will increase, causing therapy failure among patients with T2DM. This study aims to determine the distribution of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 among patients with T2DM who have been routinely treated using oral antidiabetics. We also investigated whether HbA1c levels is a predictor for the success of the treatment. This observational study was conducted with a cross-sectional design. Polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the three inactive alleles with specific primers. Based on our study, there is a high frequency of the inactive alleles, i.e., CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9, among the patients with T2DM. The presence of these inactive alleles will worsen and reduce the effectiveness of the therapy. Smoking cessation programs are needed to increase the effectiveness of the anti-diabetic therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:58:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39870808124e46d29775521c1f9f50b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1693-5683 2527-7146 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:58:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Sanata Dharma |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas |
| spelling | doaj.art-39870808124e46d29775521c1f9f50b12023-07-06T14:00:49ZengUniversitas Sanata DharmaJurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas1693-56832527-71462022-11-01192536110.24071/jpsc.0039022607High Frequency of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 Alleles Detected Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetic: Genetic Study in The Private Hospital in YogyakartaChristine Patramurti0Dita Maria Virginia1Fenty Fenty2Christianus Heru Setiawan3Jeffry Julianus4Phebe Hendra5Nicholas Adi Perdana Susanto6Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata DharmaFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata DharmaFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata DharmaFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata DharmaFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata DharmaFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata DharmaBethesda Lempuyangwangi Hospital, Yogyakarta, IndonesiaSmoking is a risk factor for type 2 diabetic (T2DM), since the nicotine in cigarettes can cause insulin resistance and increase lipolysis. Both of these can worsen the condition of patients with T2DM and increase treatment failure. Nicotine is metabolized to cotinine by the CYP2A6 enzyme encoded by the CYP2A6 gene. This gene is highly polymorphic, with several inactive alleles, which are CYP2A6 *4, CYP2A6 *7, and CYP2A6 *9. Someone who has an inactive gene will experience being a slow or poor metabolizer. Therefore, the nicotine metabolism will decrease, nicotine blood levels will increase, causing therapy failure among patients with T2DM. This study aims to determine the distribution of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 among patients with T2DM who have been routinely treated using oral antidiabetics. We also investigated whether HbA1c levels is a predictor for the success of the treatment. This observational study was conducted with a cross-sectional design. Polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the three inactive alleles with specific primers. Based on our study, there is a high frequency of the inactive alleles, i.e., CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9, among the patients with T2DM. The presence of these inactive alleles will worsen and reduce the effectiveness of the therapy. Smoking cessation programs are needed to increase the effectiveness of the anti-diabetic therapy.https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/JFSK/article/view/3902inactive allelecyp2a6smokingt2dm patients |
| spellingShingle | Christine Patramurti Dita Maria Virginia Fenty Fenty Christianus Heru Setiawan Jeffry Julianus Phebe Hendra Nicholas Adi Perdana Susanto High Frequency of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 Alleles Detected Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetic: Genetic Study in The Private Hospital in Yogyakarta Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas inactive allele cyp2a6 smoking t2dm patients |
| title | High Frequency of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 Alleles Detected Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetic: Genetic Study in The Private Hospital in Yogyakarta |
| title_full | High Frequency of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 Alleles Detected Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetic: Genetic Study in The Private Hospital in Yogyakarta |
| title_fullStr | High Frequency of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 Alleles Detected Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetic: Genetic Study in The Private Hospital in Yogyakarta |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Frequency of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 Alleles Detected Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetic: Genetic Study in The Private Hospital in Yogyakarta |
| title_short | High Frequency of CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*7, and CYP2A6*9 Alleles Detected Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetic: Genetic Study in The Private Hospital in Yogyakarta |
| title_sort | high frequency of cyp2a6 4 cyp2a6 7 and cyp2a6 9 alleles detected among patients with type 2 diabetic genetic study in the private hospital in yogyakarta |
| topic | inactive allele cyp2a6 smoking t2dm patients |
| url | https://e-journal.usd.ac.id/index.php/JFSK/article/view/3902 |
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