Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Laser-Controlled Explosion-Initiating Device with Integrated Safe-and-Arm, EMP-Resistant, and Fast-Acting Technology Based on Photovoltaic Power Converter
To augment the intelligence and safety of a rocket or ammunition engine start, an intelligent initiation system needs to be included in the data link. A laser-controlled intelligent initiation system with inherent safety and a laser-controlled explosion-initiating device (LCEID) incorporating electr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-04-01
|
| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/5/728 |
| _version_ | 1797497760649314304 |
|---|---|
| author | Guofu Yin Huiqin Bao Yulong Zhao Wei Ren Xiangfei Ji Jianhua Cheng Xi Ren |
| author_facet | Guofu Yin Huiqin Bao Yulong Zhao Wei Ren Xiangfei Ji Jianhua Cheng Xi Ren |
| author_sort | Guofu Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To augment the intelligence and safety of a rocket or ammunition engine start, an intelligent initiation system needs to be included in the data link. A laser-controlled intelligent initiation system with inherent safety and a laser-controlled explosion-initiating device (LCEID) incorporating electromagnetic pulse (EMP) resistant, safe-and-arms fast-acting modular device based on photovoltaic power converter technology is designed and fabricated in this work. LCEID is an integrated multi-function module consisting of the optical beam expander, GaAs photovoltaic (PV) array, safe-and-arms integrated circuit, and low-energy initiator. These components contribute to EMP resistance, fast-acting, safe-and-arm, and reliable firing, respectively. To achieve intelligent initiation, each LCEID has a unique “identification information” and a “broadcast address” embedded in integrated-circuit read-only memory (ROM), which is controlled by encoded laser addressing. The GaAs PV array was investigated to meet the low-energy initiator firing voltage requirements. Experimental results show that the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and maximum power output of the four-junction GaAs PV array illuminated by a 5.5 W/cm<sup>2</sup> laser beam were 220 mA, 21.5 V, and 3.70 W, respectively. When the voltage of the 22 μF energy storage capacitor exceeds 20 V, the laser charging time is found to be shorter than 2.5 s. Other aspects of LCEID, such as laser energy coupling efficiency, the firing process, and the energy-boosting mechanism, were explored. Measurements show that the coupling efficiency of the micro lens with a radius of curvature D = 20 μm and size of r = 50 μm reaches a maximum of 93.5%. Furthermore, for more than 18 V charge voltage, the LCEID is found to perform reliably. The fabricated LCEID demonstrated a high level of integration and intrinsic safety, as well as a finely tailored initiation performance that could be useful in military applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39883a6b75cc4144a1f0ce998ea81137 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:23:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-39883a6b75cc4144a1f0ce998ea811372023-11-23T12:12:14ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2022-04-0113572810.3390/mi13050728Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Laser-Controlled Explosion-Initiating Device with Integrated Safe-and-Arm, EMP-Resistant, and Fast-Acting Technology Based on Photovoltaic Power ConverterGuofu Yin0Huiqin Bao1Yulong Zhao2Wei Ren3Xiangfei Ji4Jianhua Cheng5Xi Ren6The School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, ChinaXi’an Mingde Institute of Technology School of Information Engineering, Xi’an 710124, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, ChinaScience and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Shanxi Applied Physic-Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710061, ChinaScience and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Shanxi Applied Physic-Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710061, ChinaScience and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Shanxi Applied Physic-Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710061, ChinaScience and Technology on Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Shanxi Applied Physic-Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710061, ChinaTo augment the intelligence and safety of a rocket or ammunition engine start, an intelligent initiation system needs to be included in the data link. A laser-controlled intelligent initiation system with inherent safety and a laser-controlled explosion-initiating device (LCEID) incorporating electromagnetic pulse (EMP) resistant, safe-and-arms fast-acting modular device based on photovoltaic power converter technology is designed and fabricated in this work. LCEID is an integrated multi-function module consisting of the optical beam expander, GaAs photovoltaic (PV) array, safe-and-arms integrated circuit, and low-energy initiator. These components contribute to EMP resistance, fast-acting, safe-and-arm, and reliable firing, respectively. To achieve intelligent initiation, each LCEID has a unique “identification information” and a “broadcast address” embedded in integrated-circuit read-only memory (ROM), which is controlled by encoded laser addressing. The GaAs PV array was investigated to meet the low-energy initiator firing voltage requirements. Experimental results show that the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and maximum power output of the four-junction GaAs PV array illuminated by a 5.5 W/cm<sup>2</sup> laser beam were 220 mA, 21.5 V, and 3.70 W, respectively. When the voltage of the 22 μF energy storage capacitor exceeds 20 V, the laser charging time is found to be shorter than 2.5 s. Other aspects of LCEID, such as laser energy coupling efficiency, the firing process, and the energy-boosting mechanism, were explored. Measurements show that the coupling efficiency of the micro lens with a radius of curvature D = 20 μm and size of r = 50 μm reaches a maximum of 93.5%. Furthermore, for more than 18 V charge voltage, the LCEID is found to perform reliably. The fabricated LCEID demonstrated a high level of integration and intrinsic safety, as well as a finely tailored initiation performance that could be useful in military applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/5/728intelligent initiation systemexplosion initiating devicesafe-and-armlaser power convertersemiconductor bridge |
| spellingShingle | Guofu Yin Huiqin Bao Yulong Zhao Wei Ren Xiangfei Ji Jianhua Cheng Xi Ren Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Laser-Controlled Explosion-Initiating Device with Integrated Safe-and-Arm, EMP-Resistant, and Fast-Acting Technology Based on Photovoltaic Power Converter Micromachines intelligent initiation system explosion initiating device safe-and-arm laser power converter semiconductor bridge |
| title | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Laser-Controlled Explosion-Initiating Device with Integrated Safe-and-Arm, EMP-Resistant, and Fast-Acting Technology Based on Photovoltaic Power Converter |
| title_full | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Laser-Controlled Explosion-Initiating Device with Integrated Safe-and-Arm, EMP-Resistant, and Fast-Acting Technology Based on Photovoltaic Power Converter |
| title_fullStr | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Laser-Controlled Explosion-Initiating Device with Integrated Safe-and-Arm, EMP-Resistant, and Fast-Acting Technology Based on Photovoltaic Power Converter |
| title_full_unstemmed | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Laser-Controlled Explosion-Initiating Device with Integrated Safe-and-Arm, EMP-Resistant, and Fast-Acting Technology Based on Photovoltaic Power Converter |
| title_short | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a Laser-Controlled Explosion-Initiating Device with Integrated Safe-and-Arm, EMP-Resistant, and Fast-Acting Technology Based on Photovoltaic Power Converter |
| title_sort | design fabrication and characterization of a laser controlled explosion initiating device with integrated safe and arm emp resistant and fast acting technology based on photovoltaic power converter |
| topic | intelligent initiation system explosion initiating device safe-and-arm laser power converter semiconductor bridge |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/13/5/728 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT guofuyin designfabricationandcharacterizationofalasercontrolledexplosioninitiatingdevicewithintegratedsafeandarmempresistantandfastactingtechnologybasedonphotovoltaicpowerconverter AT huiqinbao designfabricationandcharacterizationofalasercontrolledexplosioninitiatingdevicewithintegratedsafeandarmempresistantandfastactingtechnologybasedonphotovoltaicpowerconverter AT yulongzhao designfabricationandcharacterizationofalasercontrolledexplosioninitiatingdevicewithintegratedsafeandarmempresistantandfastactingtechnologybasedonphotovoltaicpowerconverter AT weiren designfabricationandcharacterizationofalasercontrolledexplosioninitiatingdevicewithintegratedsafeandarmempresistantandfastactingtechnologybasedonphotovoltaicpowerconverter AT xiangfeiji designfabricationandcharacterizationofalasercontrolledexplosioninitiatingdevicewithintegratedsafeandarmempresistantandfastactingtechnologybasedonphotovoltaicpowerconverter AT jianhuacheng designfabricationandcharacterizationofalasercontrolledexplosioninitiatingdevicewithintegratedsafeandarmempresistantandfastactingtechnologybasedonphotovoltaicpowerconverter AT xiren designfabricationandcharacterizationofalasercontrolledexplosioninitiatingdevicewithintegratedsafeandarmempresistantandfastactingtechnologybasedonphotovoltaicpowerconverter |