Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theories

Abstract Recently, it has been shown that the ground state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in sufficiently strong magnetic fields and at moderate baryon number chemical po- tential carries a crystalline condensate of neutral pions: the chiral soliton lattice (CSL) [1]. While the result was obtained...

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Main Authors: Tomáš Brauner, Georgios Filios, Helena Kolešová
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2019-12-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2019)029
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author Tomáš Brauner
Georgios Filios
Helena Kolešová
author_facet Tomáš Brauner
Georgios Filios
Helena Kolešová
author_sort Tomáš Brauner
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Recently, it has been shown that the ground state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in sufficiently strong magnetic fields and at moderate baryon number chemical po- tential carries a crystalline condensate of neutral pions: the chiral soliton lattice (CSL) [1]. While the result was obtained in a model-independent manner using effective field the- ory techniques, its realization from first principles using lattice Monte Carlo simulation is hampered by the infamous sign problem. Here we show that CSL, or a similar inhomoge- neous phase, also appears in the phase diagram of a class of vector-like gauge theories that do not suffer from the sign problem even in the presence of a baryon chemical potential and external magnetic field. We also show that the onset of nonuniform order manifests itself already in the adjacent homogeneous Bose-Einstein-condensation phase through a characteristic roton-like minimum in the dispersion relation of the lowest-lying quasipar- ticle mode. Last but not least, our work gives a class of explicit counterexamples to the long-standing conjecture that positivity of the determinant of the Dirac operator (that is, absence of the sign problem) in a vector-like gauge theory precludes spontaneous breaking of translational invariance, and thus implies the absence of inhomogeneous phases in the phase diagram of the theory.
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spelling doaj.art-3999e42932f449fd845bb86b15a83f9f2022-12-21T23:44:08ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792019-12-0120191212710.1007/JHEP12(2019)029Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theoriesTomáš Brauner0Georgios Filios1Helena Kolešová2Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of StavangerDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, University of StavangerDepartment of Mathematics and Physics, University of StavangerAbstract Recently, it has been shown that the ground state of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) in sufficiently strong magnetic fields and at moderate baryon number chemical po- tential carries a crystalline condensate of neutral pions: the chiral soliton lattice (CSL) [1]. While the result was obtained in a model-independent manner using effective field the- ory techniques, its realization from first principles using lattice Monte Carlo simulation is hampered by the infamous sign problem. Here we show that CSL, or a similar inhomoge- neous phase, also appears in the phase diagram of a class of vector-like gauge theories that do not suffer from the sign problem even in the presence of a baryon chemical potential and external magnetic field. We also show that the onset of nonuniform order manifests itself already in the adjacent homogeneous Bose-Einstein-condensation phase through a characteristic roton-like minimum in the dispersion relation of the lowest-lying quasipar- ticle mode. Last but not least, our work gives a class of explicit counterexamples to the long-standing conjecture that positivity of the determinant of the Dirac operator (that is, absence of the sign problem) in a vector-like gauge theory precludes spontaneous breaking of translational invariance, and thus implies the absence of inhomogeneous phases in the phase diagram of the theory.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2019)029Phase Diagram of QCDTopological States of MatterAnomalies in Field and String TheoriesChiral Lagrangians
spellingShingle Tomáš Brauner
Georgios Filios
Helena Kolešová
Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theories
Journal of High Energy Physics
Phase Diagram of QCD
Topological States of Matter
Anomalies in Field and String Theories
Chiral Lagrangians
title Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theories
title_full Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theories
title_fullStr Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theories
title_full_unstemmed Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theories
title_short Chiral soliton lattice in QCD-like theories
title_sort chiral soliton lattice in qcd like theories
topic Phase Diagram of QCD
Topological States of Matter
Anomalies in Field and String Theories
Chiral Lagrangians
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2019)029
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AT georgiosfilios chiralsolitonlatticeinqcdliketheories
AT helenakolesova chiralsolitonlatticeinqcdliketheories