A systematic review of the proposed etiologies of the 2021–2022 outbreaks of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology
In April 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) with a high risk of severe outcomes, for which various etiologies have been proposed by the literature. This study examines primary reports of pediatric AHUE cases and summariz...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1285348/full |
| _version_ | 1797449068540067840 |
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| author | Lauren Lewis Carly van Wylick Daniel J. Mulder Daniel J. Mulder Daniel J. Mulder |
| author_facet | Lauren Lewis Carly van Wylick Daniel J. Mulder Daniel J. Mulder Daniel J. Mulder |
| author_sort | Lauren Lewis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In April 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) with a high risk of severe outcomes, for which various etiologies have been proposed by the literature. This study examines primary reports of pediatric AHUE cases and summarizes the proposed etiologies. This systematic review collected and evaluated published peer-reviewed articles, official data, and clinical reports of AHUE cases that met the WHO working case definition. 19 hypothesized etiologies for AHUE were identified from 36 sources, which fell into eight categories. While human adenovirus (HAdV) infection, viral infection, and immune-mediated responses were commonly suspected as causes of AHUE, no definitive etiology or epidemiological link has been established. However, recent evidence implicates adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV2) as a likely significant contributor. Conducting a comprehensive literature review following outbreaks is necessary for developing responsive strategies and protocols. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:20:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39a5c6fd9c234b9893a252f2abb2e99a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:20:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-39a5c6fd9c234b9893a252f2abb2e99a2023-11-28T14:38:27ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602023-11-011110.3389/fped.2023.12853481285348A systematic review of the proposed etiologies of the 2021–2022 outbreaks of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiologyLauren Lewis0Carly van Wylick1Daniel J. Mulder2Daniel J. Mulder3Daniel J. Mulder4Department of Pediatrics, Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine and the Translational Institute of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, CanadaIn April 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) with a high risk of severe outcomes, for which various etiologies have been proposed by the literature. This study examines primary reports of pediatric AHUE cases and summarizes the proposed etiologies. This systematic review collected and evaluated published peer-reviewed articles, official data, and clinical reports of AHUE cases that met the WHO working case definition. 19 hypothesized etiologies for AHUE were identified from 36 sources, which fell into eight categories. While human adenovirus (HAdV) infection, viral infection, and immune-mediated responses were commonly suspected as causes of AHUE, no definitive etiology or epidemiological link has been established. However, recent evidence implicates adeno-associated virus-2 (AAV2) as a likely significant contributor. Conducting a comprehensive literature review following outbreaks is necessary for developing responsive strategies and protocols.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1285348/fulldisease outbreakliver failureemerging communicable diseasespediatric hepatologycauses of liver disease in children |
| spellingShingle | Lauren Lewis Carly van Wylick Daniel J. Mulder Daniel J. Mulder Daniel J. Mulder A systematic review of the proposed etiologies of the 2021–2022 outbreaks of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology Frontiers in Pediatrics disease outbreak liver failure emerging communicable diseases pediatric hepatology causes of liver disease in children |
| title | A systematic review of the proposed etiologies of the 2021–2022 outbreaks of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology |
| title_full | A systematic review of the proposed etiologies of the 2021–2022 outbreaks of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology |
| title_fullStr | A systematic review of the proposed etiologies of the 2021–2022 outbreaks of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology |
| title_full_unstemmed | A systematic review of the proposed etiologies of the 2021–2022 outbreaks of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology |
| title_short | A systematic review of the proposed etiologies of the 2021–2022 outbreaks of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology |
| title_sort | systematic review of the proposed etiologies of the 2021 2022 outbreaks of pediatric acute hepatitis of unknown etiology |
| topic | disease outbreak liver failure emerging communicable diseases pediatric hepatology causes of liver disease in children |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2023.1285348/full |
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