Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas Sequence
The analysis and measurement of Wigner time delays can provide detailed information about the electronic environment within and around atomic and molecular systems, with one the key differences being the lack of a long-range potential after a halogen ion undergoes photoionization. In this work, we u...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/11/5/84 |
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| author | Brock Grafstrom Alexandra S. Landsman |
| author_facet | Brock Grafstrom Alexandra S. Landsman |
| author_sort | Brock Grafstrom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The analysis and measurement of Wigner time delays can provide detailed information about the electronic environment within and around atomic and molecular systems, with one the key differences being the lack of a long-range potential after a halogen ion undergoes photoionization. In this work, we use relativistic random-phase approximation to calculate the average Wigner delay from the highest occupied subshells of the atomic pairings (2p, 2s in Fluorine, Neon), (3p, 3s in Chlorine, Argon), (4p, 4s, 3d, in Bromine, Krypton), and (5p, 5s, 4d in Iodine, Xenon). The qualitative behaviors of the Wigner delays between the isoelectronic pairings were found to be similar in nature, with the only large differences occurring at photoelectron energies less than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and around Cooper minima. Interestingly, the relative shift in Wigner time delays between negatively charged halogens and noble gases decreases as atomic mass increases. All atomic pairings show large differences at low energies, with noble gas atoms showing large positive Wigner delays, while negatively charged halogen ions show negative delays. The implications for photoionization studies in halide-containing molecules is also discussed. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39a84839bbae437593b4fd7341ebc4ec |
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| issn | 2218-2004 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:56:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-39a84839bbae437593b4fd7341ebc4ec2023-11-18T00:26:47ZengMDPI AGAtoms2218-20042023-05-011158410.3390/atoms11050084Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas SequenceBrock Grafstrom0Alexandra S. Landsman1Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USAThe analysis and measurement of Wigner time delays can provide detailed information about the electronic environment within and around atomic and molecular systems, with one the key differences being the lack of a long-range potential after a halogen ion undergoes photoionization. In this work, we use relativistic random-phase approximation to calculate the average Wigner delay from the highest occupied subshells of the atomic pairings (2p, 2s in Fluorine, Neon), (3p, 3s in Chlorine, Argon), (4p, 4s, 3d, in Bromine, Krypton), and (5p, 5s, 4d in Iodine, Xenon). The qualitative behaviors of the Wigner delays between the isoelectronic pairings were found to be similar in nature, with the only large differences occurring at photoelectron energies less than <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>20</mn><mo> </mo><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and around Cooper minima. Interestingly, the relative shift in Wigner time delays between negatively charged halogens and noble gases decreases as atomic mass increases. All atomic pairings show large differences at low energies, with noble gas atoms showing large positive Wigner delays, while negatively charged halogen ions show negative delays. The implications for photoionization studies in halide-containing molecules is also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/11/5/84attosecond time delaynoble gashalogen atomsrelativistic random-phase approximation |
| spellingShingle | Brock Grafstrom Alexandra S. Landsman Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas Sequence Atoms attosecond time delay noble gas halogen atoms relativistic random-phase approximation |
| title | Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas Sequence |
| title_full | Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas Sequence |
| title_fullStr | Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas Sequence |
| title_full_unstemmed | Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas Sequence |
| title_short | Attosecond Time Delay Trends across the Isoelectronic Noble Gas Sequence |
| title_sort | attosecond time delay trends across the isoelectronic noble gas sequence |
| topic | attosecond time delay noble gas halogen atoms relativistic random-phase approximation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-2004/11/5/84 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brockgrafstrom attosecondtimedelaytrendsacrosstheisoelectronicnoblegassequence AT alexandraslandsman attosecondtimedelaytrendsacrosstheisoelectronicnoblegassequence |