Effect of titanium dioxide on biofilm
Background: Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutan s) participates in the dental caries process. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles produce reactive oxygen species capable of disrupting bacterial DNA synthesis by creating pores in cell walls and membranes. Objective: The objective of this study was to...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000221131892 |
| _version_ | 1797847551540461568 |
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| author | Molly K Sanders Simone Duarte Hadeel M Ayoub Allison C Scully LaQuia A Vinson Richard L Gregory |
| author_facet | Molly K Sanders Simone Duarte Hadeel M Ayoub Allison C Scully LaQuia A Vinson Richard L Gregory |
| author_sort | Molly K Sanders |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutan s) participates in the dental caries process. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles produce reactive oxygen species capable of disrupting bacterial DNA synthesis by creating pores in cell walls and membranes. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of TiO 2 on the disruption of S. mutans biofilm. Methods: This study was conducted in four phases involving a TiO 2 -containing toothbrush and TiO 2 nanoparticles. Each phase was completed using 24 h established S. mutans biofilm growth. Phase one data was collected through a bacterial plating study, assessing biofilm viability. Biofilm mass was evaluated in phase two of the study by measuring S. mutans biofilm grown on microtiter plates following crystal violet staining. The third phase of the study involved a generalized oxygen radical assay to determine the relative amount of oxygen radicals released intracellularly. Phase four of the study included the measurement of insoluble glucan/extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis using a phenol-sulfuric acid assay. Results: Both exposure time and time intervals had a significant effect on bacterial viability counts ( p = 0.0323 and p = 0.0014, respectively). Bacterial counts after 6 min of exposure were significantly lower than after 2 min ( p = 0.034), compared to the no treatment control ( p = 0.0056). As exposure time increased, the amount of remaining biofilm mass was statistically lower than the no treatment control. Exposure time had a significant effect on oxygen radical production. Both the 30 and 100 nm TiO 2 nanoparticles had a significant effect on bacterial mass. The silver nanoparticles and the 30 and 100 nm TiO 2 nanoparticles significantly inhibited EPS production. Conclusion: The TiO 2 -containing toothbrush kills, disrupts, and produces oxygen radicals that disrupt established S. mutans biofilm. TiO 2 and silver nanoparticles inhibit EPS production and reduce biofilm mass. The addition of TiO 2 to dental products may be effective in reducing cariogenic dental biofilm. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:13:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39c5f889ec7947bf91238eae6b513bed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2280-8000 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:13:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-39c5f889ec7947bf91238eae6b513bed2023-04-13T08:33:34ZengSAGE PublishingJournal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials2280-80002023-04-012110.1177/22808000221131892Effect of titanium dioxide on biofilmMolly K Sanders0Simone Duarte1Hadeel M Ayoub2Allison C Scully3LaQuia A Vinson4Richard L Gregory5Department of Pediatric Dentistry, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USADepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USADepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USABackground: Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutan s) participates in the dental caries process. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles produce reactive oxygen species capable of disrupting bacterial DNA synthesis by creating pores in cell walls and membranes. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of TiO 2 on the disruption of S. mutans biofilm. Methods: This study was conducted in four phases involving a TiO 2 -containing toothbrush and TiO 2 nanoparticles. Each phase was completed using 24 h established S. mutans biofilm growth. Phase one data was collected through a bacterial plating study, assessing biofilm viability. Biofilm mass was evaluated in phase two of the study by measuring S. mutans biofilm grown on microtiter plates following crystal violet staining. The third phase of the study involved a generalized oxygen radical assay to determine the relative amount of oxygen radicals released intracellularly. Phase four of the study included the measurement of insoluble glucan/extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis using a phenol-sulfuric acid assay. Results: Both exposure time and time intervals had a significant effect on bacterial viability counts ( p = 0.0323 and p = 0.0014, respectively). Bacterial counts after 6 min of exposure were significantly lower than after 2 min ( p = 0.034), compared to the no treatment control ( p = 0.0056). As exposure time increased, the amount of remaining biofilm mass was statistically lower than the no treatment control. Exposure time had a significant effect on oxygen radical production. Both the 30 and 100 nm TiO 2 nanoparticles had a significant effect on bacterial mass. The silver nanoparticles and the 30 and 100 nm TiO 2 nanoparticles significantly inhibited EPS production. Conclusion: The TiO 2 -containing toothbrush kills, disrupts, and produces oxygen radicals that disrupt established S. mutans biofilm. TiO 2 and silver nanoparticles inhibit EPS production and reduce biofilm mass. The addition of TiO 2 to dental products may be effective in reducing cariogenic dental biofilm.https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000221131892 |
| spellingShingle | Molly K Sanders Simone Duarte Hadeel M Ayoub Allison C Scully LaQuia A Vinson Richard L Gregory Effect of titanium dioxide on biofilm Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials |
| title | Effect of titanium dioxide on biofilm |
| title_full | Effect of titanium dioxide on biofilm |
| title_fullStr | Effect of titanium dioxide on biofilm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of titanium dioxide on biofilm |
| title_short | Effect of titanium dioxide on biofilm |
| title_sort | effect of titanium dioxide on biofilm |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000221131892 |
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