Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression
Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with highly variable clinical and pathological features, and resulting in different outcomes. Such heterogeneity ensues from distinct pathogenetic mechanisms and may consistently affect treatment responses in single patients. Thus, over the last few yea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/14/7819 |
| _version_ | 1797446492780232704 |
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| author | Francesca Sanguedolce Magda Zanelli Andrea Palicelli Stefano Ascani Maurizio Zizzo Giorgia Cocco Lars Björnebo Anna Lantz Ugo Giovanni Falagario Luigi Cormio Giuseppe Carrieri |
| author_facet | Francesca Sanguedolce Magda Zanelli Andrea Palicelli Stefano Ascani Maurizio Zizzo Giorgia Cocco Lars Björnebo Anna Lantz Ugo Giovanni Falagario Luigi Cormio Giuseppe Carrieri |
| author_sort | Francesca Sanguedolce |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with highly variable clinical and pathological features, and resulting in different outcomes. Such heterogeneity ensues from distinct pathogenetic mechanisms and may consistently affect treatment responses in single patients. Thus, over the last few years, several groups have developed molecular classification schemes for BC, mainly based on their mRNA expression profiles. A “consensus” classification has recently been proposed to combine the published systems, agreeing on a six-cluster scheme with distinct prognostic and predictive features. In order to implement molecular subtyping as a risk-stratification tool in routine practice, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been explored as a readily accessible, relatively inexpensive, standardized surrogate method, achieving promising results in different clinical settings. The first part of this review deals with the steps resulting in the development of a molecular subtyping of BC, its prognostic and predictive implications, and the main features of immunohistochemical markers used as surrogates to stratify BC into pre-defined molecular clusters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:41:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39c7097355d14861a3966c003a5c29b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:41:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-39c7097355d14861a3966c003a5c29b82023-11-30T21:05:59ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-07-012314781910.3390/ijms23147819Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker ExpressionFrancesca Sanguedolce0Magda Zanelli1Andrea Palicelli2Stefano Ascani3Maurizio Zizzo4Giorgia Cocco5Lars Björnebo6Anna Lantz7Ugo Giovanni Falagario8Luigi Cormio9Giuseppe Carrieri10Pathology Unit, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyPathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, ItalyPathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, ItalyPathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, ItalySurgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, ItalyRadiotherapy Unit, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, SwedenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Solna, SwedenDepartment of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Riuniti, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyBladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with highly variable clinical and pathological features, and resulting in different outcomes. Such heterogeneity ensues from distinct pathogenetic mechanisms and may consistently affect treatment responses in single patients. Thus, over the last few years, several groups have developed molecular classification schemes for BC, mainly based on their mRNA expression profiles. A “consensus” classification has recently been proposed to combine the published systems, agreeing on a six-cluster scheme with distinct prognostic and predictive features. In order to implement molecular subtyping as a risk-stratification tool in routine practice, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been explored as a readily accessible, relatively inexpensive, standardized surrogate method, achieving promising results in different clinical settings. The first part of this review deals with the steps resulting in the development of a molecular subtyping of BC, its prognostic and predictive implications, and the main features of immunohistochemical markers used as surrogates to stratify BC into pre-defined molecular clusters.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/14/7819bladder cancermolecular classificationimmunohistochemistry |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Sanguedolce Magda Zanelli Andrea Palicelli Stefano Ascani Maurizio Zizzo Giorgia Cocco Lars Björnebo Anna Lantz Ugo Giovanni Falagario Luigi Cormio Giuseppe Carrieri Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression International Journal of Molecular Sciences bladder cancer molecular classification immunohistochemistry |
| title | Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression |
| title_full | Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression |
| title_fullStr | Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression |
| title_short | Are We Ready to Implement Molecular Subtyping of Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice? Part 1: General Issues and Marker Expression |
| title_sort | are we ready to implement molecular subtyping of bladder cancer in clinical practice part 1 general issues and marker expression |
| topic | bladder cancer molecular classification immunohistochemistry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/14/7819 |
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