7-Geranyloxycinnamic Acid Isolated from <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> Leaves Perturbs Colon Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines’ Growth via Induction of Apoptotic Pathway
Globally, breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women and there is a need for alternative therapies such as plant-derived compounds with low systemic toxicity and selective toxicity to cancer cells. The aim of this study is to assess the cytotoxicity effects of 7-geranyloxycinnamic a...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/8/3612 |
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| author | Enas Mohamed Eliaser Najihah Mohd. Hashim Yaya Rukayadi Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis |
| author_facet | Enas Mohamed Eliaser Najihah Mohd. Hashim Yaya Rukayadi Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis |
| author_sort | Enas Mohamed Eliaser |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally, breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women and there is a need for alternative therapies such as plant-derived compounds with low systemic toxicity and selective toxicity to cancer cells. The aim of this study is to assess the cytotoxicity effects of 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid isolated from leaves of <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i>, a traditional medicinal plant, on the human breast cancer cell lines. Dried leaf powder was used for the preparation of different crude extracts using different solvents of increasing order of polarity. The structure of the isolated compound from the petroleum ether extract was elucidated by <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR, LC-MS, and DIP−MS spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activity of the crude extract and 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid analyzed using MTT assay. Apoptotic analysis was evaluated using Annexin V-PI staining, AO/PI staining, intracellular ROS measurement, and measurement of activities of caspases 3/7, 8, and 9. Crude extracts and the isolated pure compound showed significant cytotoxicity against tested cancer cell lines. 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid was found to exert significant cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cell lines such as the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The cytotoxic effects are attributed to its ability to induce apoptosis via accumulation of ROS and activation of caspases in both breast cancer cell lines. The pure compound, 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid isolated from the leaves of <i>M. lunu-ankenda</i>, can exert significant cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cell lines without affecting the normal cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:41:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39ca81a21d6b4136ba97369572ca5769 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:41:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-39ca81a21d6b4136ba97369572ca57692023-11-17T20:41:30ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-04-01288361210.3390/molecules280836127-Geranyloxycinnamic Acid Isolated from <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> Leaves Perturbs Colon Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines’ Growth via Induction of Apoptotic PathwayEnas Mohamed Eliaser0Najihah Mohd. Hashim1Yaya Rukayadi2Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis3UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, MalaysiaGlobally, breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in women and there is a need for alternative therapies such as plant-derived compounds with low systemic toxicity and selective toxicity to cancer cells. The aim of this study is to assess the cytotoxicity effects of 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid isolated from leaves of <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i>, a traditional medicinal plant, on the human breast cancer cell lines. Dried leaf powder was used for the preparation of different crude extracts using different solvents of increasing order of polarity. The structure of the isolated compound from the petroleum ether extract was elucidated by <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR, LC-MS, and DIP−MS spectroscopy. The cytotoxic activity of the crude extract and 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid analyzed using MTT assay. Apoptotic analysis was evaluated using Annexin V-PI staining, AO/PI staining, intracellular ROS measurement, and measurement of activities of caspases 3/7, 8, and 9. Crude extracts and the isolated pure compound showed significant cytotoxicity against tested cancer cell lines. 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid was found to exert significant cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cell lines such as the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The cytotoxic effects are attributed to its ability to induce apoptosis via accumulation of ROS and activation of caspases in both breast cancer cell lines. The pure compound, 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid isolated from the leaves of <i>M. lunu-ankenda</i>, can exert significant cytotoxic effects against breast cancer cell lines without affecting the normal cells.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/8/3612cancer<i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i>7-geranyloxycinnamic acidcytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Enas Mohamed Eliaser Najihah Mohd. Hashim Yaya Rukayadi Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis 7-Geranyloxycinnamic Acid Isolated from <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> Leaves Perturbs Colon Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines’ Growth via Induction of Apoptotic Pathway Molecules cancer <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid cytotoxicity |
| title | 7-Geranyloxycinnamic Acid Isolated from <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> Leaves Perturbs Colon Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines’ Growth via Induction of Apoptotic Pathway |
| title_full | 7-Geranyloxycinnamic Acid Isolated from <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> Leaves Perturbs Colon Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines’ Growth via Induction of Apoptotic Pathway |
| title_fullStr | 7-Geranyloxycinnamic Acid Isolated from <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> Leaves Perturbs Colon Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines’ Growth via Induction of Apoptotic Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | 7-Geranyloxycinnamic Acid Isolated from <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> Leaves Perturbs Colon Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines’ Growth via Induction of Apoptotic Pathway |
| title_short | 7-Geranyloxycinnamic Acid Isolated from <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> Leaves Perturbs Colon Cancer and Breast Cancer Cell Lines’ Growth via Induction of Apoptotic Pathway |
| title_sort | 7 geranyloxycinnamic acid isolated from i melicope lunu ankenda i leaves perturbs colon cancer and breast cancer cell lines growth via induction of apoptotic pathway |
| topic | cancer <i>Melicope lunu-ankenda</i> 7-geranyloxycinnamic acid cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/8/3612 |
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