Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection in pregnant women in low-income areas of Brazil
IntroductionDespite human toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis having been listed among the top six most neglected parasitic zoonoses worldwide, presenting similar associated risk factors and transmission routes, few studies have been conducted in pregnant women and the consequences of concurrent infectio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1340434/full |
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| author | Edlayne Larissa Gretter Machado Pereira Isabella Braghin Ferreira Roberta Brinholi Victorino Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano Rogério Giuffrida Louise Bach Kmetiuk Alexander Welker Biondo Vamilton Alvares Santarém |
| author_facet | Edlayne Larissa Gretter Machado Pereira Isabella Braghin Ferreira Roberta Brinholi Victorino Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano Rogério Giuffrida Louise Bach Kmetiuk Alexander Welker Biondo Vamilton Alvares Santarém |
| author_sort | Edlayne Larissa Gretter Machado Pereira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionDespite human toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis having been listed among the top six most neglected parasitic zoonoses worldwide, presenting similar associated risk factors and transmission routes, few studies have been conducted in pregnant women and the consequences of concurrent infection remain to be fully established. Accordingly, the present study has serologically assessed the co-infection and associated risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. in pregnant women, assisted by the public Unified National Health System (SUS) in southeastern Brazil.Materials and MethodsBlood samples were collected and tested for IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by chemiluminescence immunoassay and against Toxocara spp. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to gather socioeconomic information to assess the risk factors associated with seropositivity to toxocariasis/toxoplasmosis by univariate analysis followed by logistic regression.ResultsOverall, seropositivity was 69/280 (24.6, 95% CI: 19.96–30.01) for T. gondii and 56/280 (20.0, 95% CI: 15.73–25.08) for Toxocara spp. Co-infection was observed in 25/280 (8.9, 95% CI: 6.12–12.85) pregnant women, with increased odds (OR: 3.3, CI 95%: 1.77–6.14, p = 0.0002). Logistic regression revealed that a higher educational level (high school or college) significantly reduced the likelihood of co-infection seropositivity, owning cats increased the odds of toxocariasis, and older pregnant women presented significantly higher T. gondii seropositivity.ConclusionCo-infection herein highlights the importance of educational programs in the prevention of toxocariasis and toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and other high-risk populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:43:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39d7f2596ad840ff81309bc7f354bd28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T11:43:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-39d7f2596ad840ff81309bc7f354bd282024-01-25T04:29:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-01-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.13404341340434Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection in pregnant women in low-income areas of BrazilEdlayne Larissa Gretter Machado Pereira0Isabella Braghin Ferreira1Roberta Brinholi Victorino2Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano3Rogério Giuffrida4Louise Bach Kmetiuk5Alexander Welker Biondo6Vamilton Alvares Santarém7Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), São Paulo, BrazilGraduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), São Paulo, BrazilMedical School, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), São Paulo, BrazilInstitute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilGraduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), São Paulo, BrazilZoonoses Surveillance Unit, Municipal Secretary of Health, Curitiba, BrazilGraduate College of Cell and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, BrazilGraduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), São Paulo, BrazilIntroductionDespite human toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis having been listed among the top six most neglected parasitic zoonoses worldwide, presenting similar associated risk factors and transmission routes, few studies have been conducted in pregnant women and the consequences of concurrent infection remain to be fully established. Accordingly, the present study has serologically assessed the co-infection and associated risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. in pregnant women, assisted by the public Unified National Health System (SUS) in southeastern Brazil.Materials and MethodsBlood samples were collected and tested for IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by chemiluminescence immunoassay and against Toxocara spp. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to gather socioeconomic information to assess the risk factors associated with seropositivity to toxocariasis/toxoplasmosis by univariate analysis followed by logistic regression.ResultsOverall, seropositivity was 69/280 (24.6, 95% CI: 19.96–30.01) for T. gondii and 56/280 (20.0, 95% CI: 15.73–25.08) for Toxocara spp. Co-infection was observed in 25/280 (8.9, 95% CI: 6.12–12.85) pregnant women, with increased odds (OR: 3.3, CI 95%: 1.77–6.14, p = 0.0002). Logistic regression revealed that a higher educational level (high school or college) significantly reduced the likelihood of co-infection seropositivity, owning cats increased the odds of toxocariasis, and older pregnant women presented significantly higher T. gondii seropositivity.ConclusionCo-infection herein highlights the importance of educational programs in the prevention of toxocariasis and toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and other high-risk populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1340434/fullepidemiologypregnancytoxocariasistoxoplasmosiszoonoses |
| spellingShingle | Edlayne Larissa Gretter Machado Pereira Isabella Braghin Ferreira Roberta Brinholi Victorino Susana Angélica Zevallos Lescano Rogério Giuffrida Louise Bach Kmetiuk Alexander Welker Biondo Vamilton Alvares Santarém Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection in pregnant women in low-income areas of Brazil Frontiers in Public Health epidemiology pregnancy toxocariasis toxoplasmosis zoonoses |
| title | Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection in pregnant women in low-income areas of Brazil |
| title_full | Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection in pregnant women in low-income areas of Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection in pregnant women in low-income areas of Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection in pregnant women in low-income areas of Brazil |
| title_short | Serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection in pregnant women in low-income areas of Brazil |
| title_sort | serosurvey of toxoplasma gondii and toxocara spp co infection in pregnant women in low income areas of brazil |
| topic | epidemiology pregnancy toxocariasis toxoplasmosis zoonoses |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1340434/full |
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