The Role of Sperm Proteins IZUMO1 and TMEM95 in Mammalian Fertilization: A Systematic Review
Gamete membrane fusion is a critical cellular event in sexual reproduction. In addition, the generation of knockout models has provided a powerful tool for testing the functional relevance of proteins thought to be involved in mammalian fertilization, suggesting IZUMO1 and TMEM95 (transmembrane prot...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/7/3929 |
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| author | Miranda Hernández-Falcó Paula Sáez-Espinosa Andrea López-Botella Jon Aizpurua María José Gómez-Torres |
| author_facet | Miranda Hernández-Falcó Paula Sáez-Espinosa Andrea López-Botella Jon Aizpurua María José Gómez-Torres |
| author_sort | Miranda Hernández-Falcó |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gamete membrane fusion is a critical cellular event in sexual reproduction. In addition, the generation of knockout models has provided a powerful tool for testing the functional relevance of proteins thought to be involved in mammalian fertilization, suggesting IZUMO1 and TMEM95 (transmembrane protein 95) as essential proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the process remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize the current knowledge about IZUMO1 and TMEM95 during mammalian fertilization. Hence, three distinct databases were consulted—PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science—using single keywords. As a result, a total of 429 articles were identified. Based on both inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final number of articles included in this study was 103. The results showed that IZUMO1 is mostly studied in rodents whereas TMEM95 is studied primarily in bovines. Despite the research, the topological localization of IZUMO1 remains controversial. IZUMO1 may be involved in organizing or stabilizing a multiprotein complex essential for the membrane fusion in which TMEM95 could act as a fusogen due to its possible interaction with IZUMO1. Overall, the expression of these two proteins is not sufficient for sperm–oocyte fusion; therefore, other molecules must be involved in the membrane fusion process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:45:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39d86c3460a24400aa2fc94fe7cd5cf5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:45:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-39d86c3460a24400aa2fc94fe7cd5cf52023-11-30T23:24:10ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-04-01237392910.3390/ijms23073929The Role of Sperm Proteins IZUMO1 and TMEM95 in Mammalian Fertilization: A Systematic ReviewMiranda Hernández-Falcó0Paula Sáez-Espinosa1Andrea López-Botella2Jon Aizpurua3María José Gómez-Torres4Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, SpainIVF Spain, Reproductive Medicine, 03540 Alicante, SpainDepartamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante, SpainGamete membrane fusion is a critical cellular event in sexual reproduction. In addition, the generation of knockout models has provided a powerful tool for testing the functional relevance of proteins thought to be involved in mammalian fertilization, suggesting IZUMO1 and TMEM95 (transmembrane protein 95) as essential proteins. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the process remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize the current knowledge about IZUMO1 and TMEM95 during mammalian fertilization. Hence, three distinct databases were consulted—PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science—using single keywords. As a result, a total of 429 articles were identified. Based on both inclusion and exclusion criteria, the final number of articles included in this study was 103. The results showed that IZUMO1 is mostly studied in rodents whereas TMEM95 is studied primarily in bovines. Despite the research, the topological localization of IZUMO1 remains controversial. IZUMO1 may be involved in organizing or stabilizing a multiprotein complex essential for the membrane fusion in which TMEM95 could act as a fusogen due to its possible interaction with IZUMO1. Overall, the expression of these two proteins is not sufficient for sperm–oocyte fusion; therefore, other molecules must be involved in the membrane fusion process.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/7/3929fertilizationgamete fusionIZUMO1mammalsreproductionspermatozoa |
| spellingShingle | Miranda Hernández-Falcó Paula Sáez-Espinosa Andrea López-Botella Jon Aizpurua María José Gómez-Torres The Role of Sperm Proteins IZUMO1 and TMEM95 in Mammalian Fertilization: A Systematic Review International Journal of Molecular Sciences fertilization gamete fusion IZUMO1 mammals reproduction spermatozoa |
| title | The Role of Sperm Proteins IZUMO1 and TMEM95 in Mammalian Fertilization: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | The Role of Sperm Proteins IZUMO1 and TMEM95 in Mammalian Fertilization: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Sperm Proteins IZUMO1 and TMEM95 in Mammalian Fertilization: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Sperm Proteins IZUMO1 and TMEM95 in Mammalian Fertilization: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | The Role of Sperm Proteins IZUMO1 and TMEM95 in Mammalian Fertilization: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | role of sperm proteins izumo1 and tmem95 in mammalian fertilization a systematic review |
| topic | fertilization gamete fusion IZUMO1 mammals reproduction spermatozoa |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/7/3929 |
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