Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Diabetes Mellitus and periodontitis are chronic diseases with known reciprocal association. Studies have shown that uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of development and progression of periodontal disease. This study aimed to explore the association and severity of periodon...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03042-7 |
| _version_ | 1797784346029981696 |
|---|---|
| author | Abid Rahim Sabreen Hassan Naeem Ullah Nawal Noor Ahmed Rimsha Rafique Farhad Ali Khattak Saima Afaq |
| author_facet | Abid Rahim Sabreen Hassan Naeem Ullah Nawal Noor Ahmed Rimsha Rafique Farhad Ali Khattak Saima Afaq |
| author_sort | Abid Rahim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Diabetes Mellitus and periodontitis are chronic diseases with known reciprocal association. Studies have shown that uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of development and progression of periodontal disease. This study aimed to explore the association and severity of periodontal clinical parameters and oral hygiene with HbA1c levels in non-diabetics and T2DM patients. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, the periodontal status of 144 participants, categorized into non-diabetics, controlled T2DM, and uncontrolled T2DM and were assessed via the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Loss of Attachment Index (LOA index), and the number of missing teeth, while oral hygiene was measured by utilizing the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). SPSS was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to find out the association of different independent variables with HbA1c groups, while ANOVA and post-hoc tests were run for inter-group and intra-group comparison respectively. Results Out of 144 participants, the missing dentition was prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM with mean 2.64 ± 1.97 (95% CI 2.07–3.21; p = 0.01) followed by controlled T2DM 1.70 ± 1.79 (95% CI 1.18–2.23; p = 0.01) and non-diabetics 1.35 ± 1.63 (95% CI 0.88–1.82; p = 0.01) respectively. Furthermore, non-diabetics had a higher proportion of CPI score 0 (Healthy) [30 (20.8%); p = 0.001] as compared to uncontrolled T2DM [6 (4.2%); p = 0.001], while CPI score 3 was more prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM in comparison to non-diabetics. Loss of attachment (codes-2,3 and 4) was also frequently observed in uncontrolled T2DM compared to non-diabetics (p = 0.001). Similarly, based on Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified (OHI-S), the result showed that poor oral hygiene was most commonly observed in uncontrolled T2DM 29 (20.1%) followed by controlled T2DM patients 22 (15.3%) and non-diabetic [14 (9.7%); p = 0.03]. Conclusion This study showed that periodontal status and oral hygiene status were deteriorated in uncontrolled T2DM patients compared to non-diabetic participants and controlled T2DM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:38:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39de682fb537435aa7f15e4cb5e77eef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:38:34Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-39de682fb537435aa7f15e4cb5e77eef2023-07-09T11:26:52ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312023-07-012311910.1186/s12903-023-03042-7Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional studyAbid Rahim0Sabreen Hassan1Naeem Ullah2Nawal Noor3Ahmed4Rimsha Rafique5Farhad Ali Khattak6Saima Afaq7Sardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara UniversityDepartment of Oral Pathology, Saidu College of DentistryDepartment of Community Medicine, Saidu Medical CollegeSardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara UniversitySardar Begum Dental College, Gandhara UniversitySuperior UniversityResearch & Development Cell, Khyber College of DentistryInstitute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical UniversityAbstract Background Diabetes Mellitus and periodontitis are chronic diseases with known reciprocal association. Studies have shown that uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of development and progression of periodontal disease. This study aimed to explore the association and severity of periodontal clinical parameters and oral hygiene with HbA1c levels in non-diabetics and T2DM patients. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, the periodontal status of 144 participants, categorized into non-diabetics, controlled T2DM, and uncontrolled T2DM and were assessed via the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Loss of Attachment Index (LOA index), and the number of missing teeth, while oral hygiene was measured by utilizing the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). SPSS was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to find out the association of different independent variables with HbA1c groups, while ANOVA and post-hoc tests were run for inter-group and intra-group comparison respectively. Results Out of 144 participants, the missing dentition was prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM with mean 2.64 ± 1.97 (95% CI 2.07–3.21; p = 0.01) followed by controlled T2DM 1.70 ± 1.79 (95% CI 1.18–2.23; p = 0.01) and non-diabetics 1.35 ± 1.63 (95% CI 0.88–1.82; p = 0.01) respectively. Furthermore, non-diabetics had a higher proportion of CPI score 0 (Healthy) [30 (20.8%); p = 0.001] as compared to uncontrolled T2DM [6 (4.2%); p = 0.001], while CPI score 3 was more prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM in comparison to non-diabetics. Loss of attachment (codes-2,3 and 4) was also frequently observed in uncontrolled T2DM compared to non-diabetics (p = 0.001). Similarly, based on Oral Hygiene Index- Simplified (OHI-S), the result showed that poor oral hygiene was most commonly observed in uncontrolled T2DM 29 (20.1%) followed by controlled T2DM patients 22 (15.3%) and non-diabetic [14 (9.7%); p = 0.03]. Conclusion This study showed that periodontal status and oral hygiene status were deteriorated in uncontrolled T2DM patients compared to non-diabetic participants and controlled T2DM.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03042-7PeriodontitisDiabetes mellitusProbeBleeding on probingPocket depthLoss of attachment |
| spellingShingle | Abid Rahim Sabreen Hassan Naeem Ullah Nawal Noor Ahmed Rimsha Rafique Farhad Ali Khattak Saima Afaq Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study BMC Oral Health Periodontitis Diabetes mellitus Probe Bleeding on probing Pocket depth Loss of attachment |
| title | Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum hba1c levels a cross sectional study |
| topic | Periodontitis Diabetes mellitus Probe Bleeding on probing Pocket depth Loss of attachment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03042-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT abidrahim associationandcomparisonofperiodontalandoralhygienestatuswithserumhba1clevelsacrosssectionalstudy AT sabreenhassan associationandcomparisonofperiodontalandoralhygienestatuswithserumhba1clevelsacrosssectionalstudy AT naeemullah associationandcomparisonofperiodontalandoralhygienestatuswithserumhba1clevelsacrosssectionalstudy AT nawalnoor associationandcomparisonofperiodontalandoralhygienestatuswithserumhba1clevelsacrosssectionalstudy AT ahmed associationandcomparisonofperiodontalandoralhygienestatuswithserumhba1clevelsacrosssectionalstudy AT rimsharafique associationandcomparisonofperiodontalandoralhygienestatuswithserumhba1clevelsacrosssectionalstudy AT farhadalikhattak associationandcomparisonofperiodontalandoralhygienestatuswithserumhba1clevelsacrosssectionalstudy AT saimaafaq associationandcomparisonofperiodontalandoralhygienestatuswithserumhba1clevelsacrosssectionalstudy |