Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer
The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased over the past 30 years. Although differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a good prognosis in most patients undergoing total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy (RAI), 5–10% of patients develop metastasis. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) ha...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/1/45 |
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| author | Hiroki Komatsuda Michihisa Kono Risa Wakisaka Ryosuke Sato Takahiro Inoue Takumi Kumai Miki Takahara |
| author_facet | Hiroki Komatsuda Michihisa Kono Risa Wakisaka Ryosuke Sato Takahiro Inoue Takumi Kumai Miki Takahara |
| author_sort | Hiroki Komatsuda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased over the past 30 years. Although differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a good prognosis in most patients undergoing total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy (RAI), 5–10% of patients develop metastasis. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has a low survival rate and few effective treatments have been available to date. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been successfully applied to RAI-resistant or non-responsive TC to suppress the disease. However, TC eventually develops resistance to TKIs. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for TC, the majority of which is considered an immune-hot malignancy. Immune suppression by TC cells and immune-suppressing cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells, is complex and dynamic. Negative immune checkpoints, cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) suppress antitumor T cells. Basic and translational advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), molecule-targeted therapy, tumor-specific immunotherapy, and their combinations have enabled us to overcome immune suppression and activate antitumor immune cells. This review summarizes current findings regarding the immune microenvironment, immunosuppression, immunological targets, and immunotherapy for TC and highlights the potential efficacy of immunotherapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:44:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39e1073d566d408eb55a2ccac763f0c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:44:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-39e1073d566d408eb55a2ccac763f0c82024-01-29T14:25:32ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2023-12-011214510.3390/vaccines12010045Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid CancerHiroki Komatsuda0Michihisa Kono1Risa Wakisaka2Ryosuke Sato3Takahiro Inoue4Takumi Kumai5Miki Takahara6Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, JapanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, JapanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, JapanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, JapanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, JapanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, JapanDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, JapanThe incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has increased over the past 30 years. Although differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has a good prognosis in most patients undergoing total thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine therapy (RAI), 5–10% of patients develop metastasis. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) has a low survival rate and few effective treatments have been available to date. Recently, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been successfully applied to RAI-resistant or non-responsive TC to suppress the disease. However, TC eventually develops resistance to TKIs. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for TC, the majority of which is considered an immune-hot malignancy. Immune suppression by TC cells and immune-suppressing cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells, is complex and dynamic. Negative immune checkpoints, cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) suppress antitumor T cells. Basic and translational advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), molecule-targeted therapy, tumor-specific immunotherapy, and their combinations have enabled us to overcome immune suppression and activate antitumor immune cells. This review summarizes current findings regarding the immune microenvironment, immunosuppression, immunological targets, and immunotherapy for TC and highlights the potential efficacy of immunotherapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/1/45thyroid cancerimmunotherapyadjuvanttargeted therapypeptide vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Hiroki Komatsuda Michihisa Kono Risa Wakisaka Ryosuke Sato Takahiro Inoue Takumi Kumai Miki Takahara Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer Vaccines thyroid cancer immunotherapy adjuvant targeted therapy peptide vaccine |
| title | Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer |
| title_full | Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer |
| title_short | Harnessing Immunity to Treat Advanced Thyroid Cancer |
| title_sort | harnessing immunity to treat advanced thyroid cancer |
| topic | thyroid cancer immunotherapy adjuvant targeted therapy peptide vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/1/45 |
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