The Morphological Differentiation and Evolutionary Origins of <i>Artemia</i> in China
<i>Artemia</i> is a genus of halophilic zooplanktons comprising bisexual and parthenogenetic forms, which is an important model for investigating adaption to hypersaline ecosystems. The genus <i>Artemia</i> in China comprises four species: <i>A. sinica</i>, <i&...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| author | Huizhong Pang Kaixuan Zheng Wenbo Wang Mingjuan Zheng Yulong Zhang Daochuan Zhang |
| author_facet | Huizhong Pang Kaixuan Zheng Wenbo Wang Mingjuan Zheng Yulong Zhang Daochuan Zhang |
| author_sort | Huizhong Pang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Artemia</i> is a genus of halophilic zooplanktons comprising bisexual and parthenogenetic forms, which is an important model for investigating adaption to hypersaline ecosystems. The genus <i>Artemia</i> in China comprises four species: <i>A. sinica</i>, <i>A. tibetiana</i>, <i>A. franciscana</i> and <i>A. parthenogenetica</i>. To investigate the evolutionary relationship of bisexual and parthenogenetic <i>Artemia</i> in China, we analyzed the morphometrics and phylogenetics among twenty-two geographical populations in China. We found significant morphological differentiation across different species and strains of <i>Artemia</i> in China, which exhibited a high level of intra-population variation. We also found overlaps in morphological characteristics between populations, which may raise challenges for the classification of <i>Artemia</i> species using traditional morphological methods. <i>A. franciscana,</i> which originated from various regions in America, was generally distributed along the Chinese coastlines through multiple human introductions. Additionally, native Asian clades split into Western and Eastern Lineages during the late Miocene due to the Himalayan orogeny. Within the Western Lineage, <i>A. tibetiana</i> can be grouped into three taxon units: <i>A. tibeitiana</i>, <i>A. sorgeloosi</i> and <i>A. urmiana</i>. We also found that the distribution and genetic structure of <i>A. sinica</i> were influenced by climate oscillations during the Pleistocene, which might play a pivotal role in driving the formation of parthenogenetic strains in the Eastern Lineage. Overall, our study provides new insight into invertebrate evolution under geographical and climatic impacts in hypersaline environments. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:23:16Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj.art-39ebf7048889483f81a11c2233674db72024-03-27T13:33:44ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182024-02-0116314410.3390/d16030144The Morphological Differentiation and Evolutionary Origins of <i>Artemia</i> in ChinaHuizhong Pang0Kaixuan Zheng1Wenbo Wang2Mingjuan Zheng3Yulong Zhang4Daochuan Zhang5Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China<i>Artemia</i> is a genus of halophilic zooplanktons comprising bisexual and parthenogenetic forms, which is an important model for investigating adaption to hypersaline ecosystems. The genus <i>Artemia</i> in China comprises four species: <i>A. sinica</i>, <i>A. tibetiana</i>, <i>A. franciscana</i> and <i>A. parthenogenetica</i>. To investigate the evolutionary relationship of bisexual and parthenogenetic <i>Artemia</i> in China, we analyzed the morphometrics and phylogenetics among twenty-two geographical populations in China. We found significant morphological differentiation across different species and strains of <i>Artemia</i> in China, which exhibited a high level of intra-population variation. We also found overlaps in morphological characteristics between populations, which may raise challenges for the classification of <i>Artemia</i> species using traditional morphological methods. <i>A. franciscana,</i> which originated from various regions in America, was generally distributed along the Chinese coastlines through multiple human introductions. Additionally, native Asian clades split into Western and Eastern Lineages during the late Miocene due to the Himalayan orogeny. Within the Western Lineage, <i>A. tibetiana</i> can be grouped into three taxon units: <i>A. tibeitiana</i>, <i>A. sorgeloosi</i> and <i>A. urmiana</i>. We also found that the distribution and genetic structure of <i>A. sinica</i> were influenced by climate oscillations during the Pleistocene, which might play a pivotal role in driving the formation of parthenogenetic strains in the Eastern Lineage. Overall, our study provides new insight into invertebrate evolution under geographical and climatic impacts in hypersaline environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/3/144<i>Artemia</i>morphological differentiationCO1phylogenyevolutionary history |
| spellingShingle | Huizhong Pang Kaixuan Zheng Wenbo Wang Mingjuan Zheng Yulong Zhang Daochuan Zhang The Morphological Differentiation and Evolutionary Origins of <i>Artemia</i> in China Diversity <i>Artemia</i> morphological differentiation CO1 phylogeny evolutionary history |
| title | The Morphological Differentiation and Evolutionary Origins of <i>Artemia</i> in China |
| title_full | The Morphological Differentiation and Evolutionary Origins of <i>Artemia</i> in China |
| title_fullStr | The Morphological Differentiation and Evolutionary Origins of <i>Artemia</i> in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Morphological Differentiation and Evolutionary Origins of <i>Artemia</i> in China |
| title_short | The Morphological Differentiation and Evolutionary Origins of <i>Artemia</i> in China |
| title_sort | morphological differentiation and evolutionary origins of i artemia i in china |
| topic | <i>Artemia</i> morphological differentiation CO1 phylogeny evolutionary history |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/16/3/144 |
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