KLT-IV v1.0: image velocimetry software for use with fixed and mobile platforms
<p>Accurately monitoring river flows can be challenging, particularly under high-flow conditions. In recent years, there has been considerable development of remote sensing techniques for the determination of river flow dynamics. Image velocimetry is one particular approach which has been show...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Geoscientific Model Development |
| Online Access: | https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/6111/2020/gmd-13-6111-2020.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818603608265981952 |
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| author | M. T. Perks |
| author_facet | M. T. Perks |
| author_sort | M. T. Perks |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Accurately monitoring river flows can be challenging, particularly under high-flow conditions. In recent years, there has been considerable development of remote sensing techniques for the determination of river flow dynamics. Image velocimetry is one particular approach which has been shown to accurately reconstruct surface velocities under a range of hydro-geomorphic conditions. Building on these advances, a new software package, KLT-IV v1.0, has been designed to offer a user-friendly graphical interface for the determination of river flow velocity and river discharge using videos acquired from a variety of fixed and mobile platforms. Platform movement can be accounted for when ground control points and/or stable features are present or where the platform is equipped with a differential GPS device and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. The application of KLT-IV v1.0 is demonstrated using two case studies at sites in the UK: (i) river Feshie and (ii) river Coquet. At these sites, footage is acquired from unmanned aerial systems (UASs) and fixed cameras. Using a combination of ground control points (GCPs) and differential GPS and IMU data to account for platform movement, image coordinates are converted to real-world distances and displacements. Flow measurements made with a UAS and fixed camera are used to generate a well-defined flow rating curve for the river Feshie. Concurrent measurements made by UAS and fixed camera are shown to deviate by <span class="inline-formula"><</span> 4 % under high-flow conditions where maximum velocities exceed 3 m s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The acquisition of footage on the river Coquet using a UAS equipped with differential GPS and IMU sensors enabled flow velocities to be precisely reconstructed along a 180 m river reach. In-channel velocities of between 0.2 and 1 m s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> are produced. Check points indicated that unaccounted-for motion in the UAS platform is in the region of 6 cm. These examples are provided to illustrate the potential for KLT-IV to be used for quantifying flow rates using videos collected from fixed or mobile camera systems.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T13:25:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-39fb0b4843a642d682cc7d9bd666494d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1991-959X 1991-9603 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T13:25:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Geoscientific Model Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-39fb0b4843a642d682cc7d9bd666494d2022-12-21T22:30:12ZengCopernicus PublicationsGeoscientific Model Development1991-959X1991-96032020-12-01136111613010.5194/gmd-13-6111-2020KLT-IV v1.0: image velocimetry software for use with fixed and mobile platformsM. T. Perks<p>Accurately monitoring river flows can be challenging, particularly under high-flow conditions. In recent years, there has been considerable development of remote sensing techniques for the determination of river flow dynamics. Image velocimetry is one particular approach which has been shown to accurately reconstruct surface velocities under a range of hydro-geomorphic conditions. Building on these advances, a new software package, KLT-IV v1.0, has been designed to offer a user-friendly graphical interface for the determination of river flow velocity and river discharge using videos acquired from a variety of fixed and mobile platforms. Platform movement can be accounted for when ground control points and/or stable features are present or where the platform is equipped with a differential GPS device and inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. The application of KLT-IV v1.0 is demonstrated using two case studies at sites in the UK: (i) river Feshie and (ii) river Coquet. At these sites, footage is acquired from unmanned aerial systems (UASs) and fixed cameras. Using a combination of ground control points (GCPs) and differential GPS and IMU data to account for platform movement, image coordinates are converted to real-world distances and displacements. Flow measurements made with a UAS and fixed camera are used to generate a well-defined flow rating curve for the river Feshie. Concurrent measurements made by UAS and fixed camera are shown to deviate by <span class="inline-formula"><</span> 4 % under high-flow conditions where maximum velocities exceed 3 m s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The acquisition of footage on the river Coquet using a UAS equipped with differential GPS and IMU sensors enabled flow velocities to be precisely reconstructed along a 180 m river reach. In-channel velocities of between 0.2 and 1 m s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> are produced. Check points indicated that unaccounted-for motion in the UAS platform is in the region of 6 cm. These examples are provided to illustrate the potential for KLT-IV to be used for quantifying flow rates using videos collected from fixed or mobile camera systems.</p>https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/6111/2020/gmd-13-6111-2020.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. T. Perks KLT-IV v1.0: image velocimetry software for use with fixed and mobile platforms Geoscientific Model Development |
| title | KLT-IV v1.0: image velocimetry software for use with fixed and mobile platforms |
| title_full | KLT-IV v1.0: image velocimetry software for use with fixed and mobile platforms |
| title_fullStr | KLT-IV v1.0: image velocimetry software for use with fixed and mobile platforms |
| title_full_unstemmed | KLT-IV v1.0: image velocimetry software for use with fixed and mobile platforms |
| title_short | KLT-IV v1.0: image velocimetry software for use with fixed and mobile platforms |
| title_sort | klt iv v1 0 image velocimetry software for use with fixed and mobile platforms |
| url | https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/13/6111/2020/gmd-13-6111-2020.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mtperks kltivv10imagevelocimetrysoftwareforusewithfixedandmobileplatforms |