Reduced Nitrogen Rate with Increased Planting Density Facilitated Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Modern Conventional <i>Japonica</i> Rice
The past three decades have seen a pronounced development of conventional <i>japonica</i> rice from the 1990s, although little information is available on changes regarding grain yield and nutrient use efficiency during this process. Nine conventional <i>japonica</i> rice rel...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/12/1188 |
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| author | Tianyao Meng Xi Chen Jialin Ge Xubin Zhang Guisheng Zhou Qigen Dai Huanhe Wei |
| author_facet | Tianyao Meng Xi Chen Jialin Ge Xubin Zhang Guisheng Zhou Qigen Dai Huanhe Wei |
| author_sort | Tianyao Meng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The past three decades have seen a pronounced development of conventional <i>japonica</i> rice from the 1990s, although little information is available on changes regarding grain yield and nutrient use efficiency during this process. Nine conventional <i>japonica</i> rice released during the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were grown under a reduced nitrogen rate, with increased planting density (RNID) and local cultivation practice (LCP) in 2017 and 2018. The rice from the 2010s had 3.6–5.5% and 7.0–10.1% higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) grain yield than the 2000s and the 1990s, respectively, under RNID and LCP. The harvest index contributed more to genetic yield gain from the 1990s to the 2000s; whereas from the 2000s to 2010s, yield increase contributed through shoot biomass. Genetic improvement increased total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) accumulation, and their use efficiencies. The rice from the 2010s showed a similar grain yield, whereas the 1990s and 2000s’ rice exhibited a lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) grain yield under RNID relative to LCP. RNID increased N, P, and K use efficiencies, particularly the N use efficiency for the grain yield (NUEg) of the 2010s’ rice, compared with LCP. For three varietal types, RNID increased the panicles per m<sup>2</sup>, the filled-grain percentage, and the grain weight (<i>p</i> < 0.05) while decreasing spikelets per panicle of the 2010s’ rice. Compared with LCP, RNID reduced non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content and shoot biomass, at heading and maturity, while increasing the remobilization of NSC and the harvest index, especially for the 2010s’ rice. Our results suggested the impressive progressive increase in grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of conventional <i>japonica</i> rice since the 1990s in east China. RNID could facilitate grain yield and NUEg for modern conventional <i>japonica</i> rice. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3a0661a5849040c2bb00e99bbdd5b6bd2023-11-23T03:18:38ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722021-11-011112118810.3390/agriculture11121188Reduced Nitrogen Rate with Increased Planting Density Facilitated Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Modern Conventional <i>Japonica</i> RiceTianyao Meng0Xi Chen1Jialin Ge2Xubin Zhang3Guisheng Zhou4Qigen Dai5Huanhe Wei6Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaJiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, ChinaThe past three decades have seen a pronounced development of conventional <i>japonica</i> rice from the 1990s, although little information is available on changes regarding grain yield and nutrient use efficiency during this process. Nine conventional <i>japonica</i> rice released during the 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s were grown under a reduced nitrogen rate, with increased planting density (RNID) and local cultivation practice (LCP) in 2017 and 2018. The rice from the 2010s had 3.6–5.5% and 7.0–10.1% higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) grain yield than the 2000s and the 1990s, respectively, under RNID and LCP. The harvest index contributed more to genetic yield gain from the 1990s to the 2000s; whereas from the 2000s to 2010s, yield increase contributed through shoot biomass. Genetic improvement increased total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) accumulation, and their use efficiencies. The rice from the 2010s showed a similar grain yield, whereas the 1990s and 2000s’ rice exhibited a lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) grain yield under RNID relative to LCP. RNID increased N, P, and K use efficiencies, particularly the N use efficiency for the grain yield (NUEg) of the 2010s’ rice, compared with LCP. For three varietal types, RNID increased the panicles per m<sup>2</sup>, the filled-grain percentage, and the grain weight (<i>p</i> < 0.05) while decreasing spikelets per panicle of the 2010s’ rice. Compared with LCP, RNID reduced non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) content and shoot biomass, at heading and maturity, while increasing the remobilization of NSC and the harvest index, especially for the 2010s’ rice. Our results suggested the impressive progressive increase in grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of conventional <i>japonica</i> rice since the 1990s in east China. RNID could facilitate grain yield and NUEg for modern conventional <i>japonica</i> rice.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/12/1188conventional <i>japonica</i> ricegenetic improvementgrain yieldnitrogen use efficiencyreduced nitrogen rateincreased planting density |
| spellingShingle | Tianyao Meng Xi Chen Jialin Ge Xubin Zhang Guisheng Zhou Qigen Dai Huanhe Wei Reduced Nitrogen Rate with Increased Planting Density Facilitated Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Modern Conventional <i>Japonica</i> Rice Agriculture conventional <i>japonica</i> rice genetic improvement grain yield nitrogen use efficiency reduced nitrogen rate increased planting density |
| title | Reduced Nitrogen Rate with Increased Planting Density Facilitated Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Modern Conventional <i>Japonica</i> Rice |
| title_full | Reduced Nitrogen Rate with Increased Planting Density Facilitated Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Modern Conventional <i>Japonica</i> Rice |
| title_fullStr | Reduced Nitrogen Rate with Increased Planting Density Facilitated Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Modern Conventional <i>Japonica</i> Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduced Nitrogen Rate with Increased Planting Density Facilitated Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Modern Conventional <i>Japonica</i> Rice |
| title_short | Reduced Nitrogen Rate with Increased Planting Density Facilitated Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Modern Conventional <i>Japonica</i> Rice |
| title_sort | reduced nitrogen rate with increased planting density facilitated grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in modern conventional i japonica i rice |
| topic | conventional <i>japonica</i> rice genetic improvement grain yield nitrogen use efficiency reduced nitrogen rate increased planting density |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/12/1188 |
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