Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction
In addition to the market launch of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and the JUUL as well as the EVALI, they caused a widespread discussion on the risk reduction compared to a combustible cigarette. Furthermore, first data showed harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. We, therefore, conducted i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9432 |
| _version_ | 1797597385581395968 |
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| author | Svenja Belkin Julia Benthien Paul Niklas Axt Theresa Mohr Kai Mortensen Markus Weckmann Daniel Drömann Klaas Frederik Franzen |
| author_facet | Svenja Belkin Julia Benthien Paul Niklas Axt Theresa Mohr Kai Mortensen Markus Weckmann Daniel Drömann Klaas Frederik Franzen |
| author_sort | Svenja Belkin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In addition to the market launch of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and the JUUL as well as the EVALI, they caused a widespread discussion on the risk reduction compared to a combustible cigarette. Furthermore, first data showed harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. We, therefore, conducted investigations including a control group with a nicotine-free liquid. Forty active smokers were studied in two different approaches during and after consuming an HTP, a cigarette, a JUUL, or a typical electronic cigarette with or without nicotine in a partly double-blinded randomised, cross-over trial. Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood samples (full blood count, ELISA, multiplex immunoassay) were analysed, and arterial stiffness was measured. In addition to the cigarette, an increase in the white blood cell count but also in proinflammatory cytokines was shown for the various nicotine delivery systems. These correlated with the parameters of arterial vascular stiffness as a clinical parameter of endothelial dysfunction. It can be shown that even a single consumption of the different nicotine delivery system or cigarette leads to a significant inflammatory reaction followed by endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness causing cardiovascular disease. Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness should be addressed in long-term observational studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:05:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a091a4d6dea44c8a4e6e856dbe8de4c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:05:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a091a4d6dea44c8a4e6e856dbe8de4c2023-11-18T07:58:54ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-05-012411943210.3390/ijms24119432Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial DysfunctionSvenja Belkin0Julia Benthien1Paul Niklas Axt2Theresa Mohr3Kai Mortensen4Markus Weckmann5Daniel Drömann6Klaas Frederik Franzen7Medical Clinic III, Site Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, GermanyMedical Clinic III, Site Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, GermanyMedical Clinic III, Site Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, GermanyMedical Clinic III, Site Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, GermanyCardiology Kiel, 24116 Kiel, GermanyAirway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 22927 Großhansdorf, GermanyMedical Clinic III, Site Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, GermanyMedical Clinic III, Site Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Luebeck, GermanyIn addition to the market launch of heated tobacco products (HTPs) and the JUUL as well as the EVALI, they caused a widespread discussion on the risk reduction compared to a combustible cigarette. Furthermore, first data showed harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. We, therefore, conducted investigations including a control group with a nicotine-free liquid. Forty active smokers were studied in two different approaches during and after consuming an HTP, a cigarette, a JUUL, or a typical electronic cigarette with or without nicotine in a partly double-blinded randomised, cross-over trial. Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and blood samples (full blood count, ELISA, multiplex immunoassay) were analysed, and arterial stiffness was measured. In addition to the cigarette, an increase in the white blood cell count but also in proinflammatory cytokines was shown for the various nicotine delivery systems. These correlated with the parameters of arterial vascular stiffness as a clinical parameter of endothelial dysfunction. It can be shown that even a single consumption of the different nicotine delivery system or cigarette leads to a significant inflammatory reaction followed by endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness causing cardiovascular disease. Inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness should be addressed in long-term observational studies.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9432endothelial dysfunctionrisk stratificationinflammationsmokingheatingvaping |
| spellingShingle | Svenja Belkin Julia Benthien Paul Niklas Axt Theresa Mohr Kai Mortensen Markus Weckmann Daniel Drömann Klaas Frederik Franzen Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction International Journal of Molecular Sciences endothelial dysfunction risk stratification inflammation smoking heating vaping |
| title | Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction |
| title_full | Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction |
| title_short | Impact of Heated Tobacco Products, E-Cigarettes, and Cigarettes on Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction |
| title_sort | impact of heated tobacco products e cigarettes and cigarettes on inflammation and endothelial dysfunction |
| topic | endothelial dysfunction risk stratification inflammation smoking heating vaping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/11/9432 |
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