Water Intake and Adiposity Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Background: Water consumption is believed to be a key factor in weight management strategies, yet the existing literature on the subject yields inconsistent findings. To systematically assess the scientific evidence regarding the effect of water intake on adiposity, we conducted a systematic review...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/963 |
| _version_ | 1797212145242341376 |
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| author | Qiao-Yi Chen Jaewon Khil NaNa Keum |
| author_facet | Qiao-Yi Chen Jaewon Khil NaNa Keum |
| author_sort | Qiao-Yi Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Water consumption is believed to be a key factor in weight management strategies, yet the existing literature on the subject yields inconsistent findings. To systematically assess the scientific evidence regarding the effect of water intake on adiposity, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among overweight and obese populations. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant articles published up to December 2023. The summary weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model. Results: In this meta-analysis of eight RCTs, interventions to promote water intake or to substitute water for other beverages as compared to the control group resulted in a summary WMD of −0.33 kg (95% CI = −1.75–1.08, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 78%) for body weight, −0.23 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI = −0.55–0.09, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) for body mass index (BMI), and 0.05 cm (95% CI = −1.20–1.30, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 40%) for waist circumference (WC). Among RCTs substituting water for artificially sweetened beverages, summary WMD was 1.82 kg (95% CI = 0.97–2.67, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) for body weight and 1.23 cm (95% CI = −0.03–2.48, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) for WC. Conversely, among RCTs substituting water for sugar-sweetened beverages, summary WMD was −0.81 kg (95% CI = −1.66–0.03, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 2%) for body weight and −0.96 cm (95% CI = −2.06–0.13, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) for WC. Conclusions: In conclusion, water intake may not significantly impact adiposity among overweight and obese individuals. However, replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water might offer a modest benefit in inducing weight loss. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a3455059dfe484fb22486fa2641f940 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:37:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a3455059dfe484fb22486fa2641f9402024-04-12T13:24:14ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-03-0116796310.3390/nu16070963Water Intake and Adiposity Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsQiao-Yi Chen0Jaewon Khil1NaNa Keum2Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of KoreaBackground: Water consumption is believed to be a key factor in weight management strategies, yet the existing literature on the subject yields inconsistent findings. To systematically assess the scientific evidence regarding the effect of water intake on adiposity, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) among overweight and obese populations. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant articles published up to December 2023. The summary weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model. Results: In this meta-analysis of eight RCTs, interventions to promote water intake or to substitute water for other beverages as compared to the control group resulted in a summary WMD of −0.33 kg (95% CI = −1.75–1.08, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 78%) for body weight, −0.23 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (95% CI = −0.55–0.09, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) for body mass index (BMI), and 0.05 cm (95% CI = −1.20–1.30, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 40%) for waist circumference (WC). Among RCTs substituting water for artificially sweetened beverages, summary WMD was 1.82 kg (95% CI = 0.97–2.67, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) for body weight and 1.23 cm (95% CI = −0.03–2.48, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) for WC. Conversely, among RCTs substituting water for sugar-sweetened beverages, summary WMD was −0.81 kg (95% CI = −1.66–0.03, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 2%) for body weight and −0.96 cm (95% CI = −2.06–0.13, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) for WC. Conclusions: In conclusion, water intake may not significantly impact adiposity among overweight and obese individuals. However, replacing sugar-sweetened beverages with water might offer a modest benefit in inducing weight loss.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/963water intakeadipositysystematic reviewmeta-analysisrandomized controlled trialweight loss |
| spellingShingle | Qiao-Yi Chen Jaewon Khil NaNa Keum Water Intake and Adiposity Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Nutrients water intake adiposity systematic review meta-analysis randomized controlled trial weight loss |
| title | Water Intake and Adiposity Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_full | Water Intake and Adiposity Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_fullStr | Water Intake and Adiposity Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water Intake and Adiposity Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_short | Water Intake and Adiposity Outcomes among Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials |
| title_sort | water intake and adiposity outcomes among overweight and obese individuals a systematic review and meta analysis of randomized controlled trials |
| topic | water intake adiposity systematic review meta-analysis randomized controlled trial weight loss |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/963 |
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