Development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaning
Abstract Background Porcine tonsils are lympho-epithelial tissues, colonized by numerous bacteria and viruses, that act as a reservoir for both host-specific pathogens and zoonotic pathogens with a high potential of transmission to humans. There are no existing studies describing the development of...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-018-1176-x |
| _version_ | 1819087436622331904 |
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| author | Luis Carlos Pena Cortes Rhiannon M. LeVeque Julie Funk Terence L. Marsh Martha H. Mulks |
| author_facet | Luis Carlos Pena Cortes Rhiannon M. LeVeque Julie Funk Terence L. Marsh Martha H. Mulks |
| author_sort | Luis Carlos Pena Cortes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Porcine tonsils are lympho-epithelial tissues, colonized by numerous bacteria and viruses, that act as a reservoir for both host-specific pathogens and zoonotic pathogens with a high potential of transmission to humans. There are no existing studies describing the development of the tonsillar microbiome. We sequenced 16S rRNA genes from tonsillar samples of pigs to follow the development of the microbial communities from birth through weaning. Samples derived from sows were also analyzed to determine potential sources for the tonsil microbiome in piglets. Results The composition of the newborn piglet tonsil microbiome could be differentiated by litter and had strong similarity to the sow teat skin as well as sow vaginal microbiome. The tonsil microbiome in these young piglets was mainly dominated by members of the Pasteurellaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Streptococcaceae families, while there were some transient members of the microbiome that were abundant at specific times, such as Staphylococcaceae in newborns and Fusobacteriaceae and Leptotrichiaceae in weeks 2 and 3. The microbiome initially differed between litters but over the following 3 weeks the communities of different litters converged in composition and then diverged in week 4 due to a combination of changes and stresses associated with weaning, including a shift from milk to a solid diet, in-feed Carbadox® and room change. Conclusions A significant portion of the tonsil microbiome was acquired either at birth from the sow vaginal tract or within a few hours post-birth from the sow teat skin. Our data demonstrate a temporal succession in the development of the pig tonsillar microbiome through the first weeks of life, with a convergence in the composition of the microbiome in all piglets by 3 weeks of age. The combination of management practices associated with weaning coincided with dramatic shifts in the tonsillar microbiome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:36:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a3d4fab19b14d499c006b9c667fa408 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T21:36:07Z |
| publishDate | 2018-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a3d4fab19b14d499c006b9c667fa4082022-12-21T18:49:29ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802018-04-0118111310.1186/s12866-018-1176-xDevelopment of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaningLuis Carlos Pena Cortes0Rhiannon M. LeVeque1Julie Funk2Terence L. Marsh3Martha H. Mulks4Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de PamplonaDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State UniversityDepartment of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State UniversityComparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State UniversityAbstract Background Porcine tonsils are lympho-epithelial tissues, colonized by numerous bacteria and viruses, that act as a reservoir for both host-specific pathogens and zoonotic pathogens with a high potential of transmission to humans. There are no existing studies describing the development of the tonsillar microbiome. We sequenced 16S rRNA genes from tonsillar samples of pigs to follow the development of the microbial communities from birth through weaning. Samples derived from sows were also analyzed to determine potential sources for the tonsil microbiome in piglets. Results The composition of the newborn piglet tonsil microbiome could be differentiated by litter and had strong similarity to the sow teat skin as well as sow vaginal microbiome. The tonsil microbiome in these young piglets was mainly dominated by members of the Pasteurellaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Streptococcaceae families, while there were some transient members of the microbiome that were abundant at specific times, such as Staphylococcaceae in newborns and Fusobacteriaceae and Leptotrichiaceae in weeks 2 and 3. The microbiome initially differed between litters but over the following 3 weeks the communities of different litters converged in composition and then diverged in week 4 due to a combination of changes and stresses associated with weaning, including a shift from milk to a solid diet, in-feed Carbadox® and room change. Conclusions A significant portion of the tonsil microbiome was acquired either at birth from the sow vaginal tract or within a few hours post-birth from the sow teat skin. Our data demonstrate a temporal succession in the development of the pig tonsillar microbiome through the first weeks of life, with a convergence in the composition of the microbiome in all piglets by 3 weeks of age. The combination of management practices associated with weaning coincided with dramatic shifts in the tonsillar microbiome.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-018-1176-xTonsilTonsillar microbiomeMicrobiome developmentPigsWeaning |
| spellingShingle | Luis Carlos Pena Cortes Rhiannon M. LeVeque Julie Funk Terence L. Marsh Martha H. Mulks Development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaning BMC Microbiology Tonsil Tonsillar microbiome Microbiome development Pigs Weaning |
| title | Development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaning |
| title_full | Development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaning |
| title_fullStr | Development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaning |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaning |
| title_short | Development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaning |
| title_sort | development of the tonsillar microbiome in pigs from newborn through weaning |
| topic | Tonsil Tonsillar microbiome Microbiome development Pigs Weaning |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-018-1176-x |
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