Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn
The European corn borer (<i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>, Hübner) has been managed successfully in North America since 1996 with transgenic Bt-corn. However, field-evolved resistance to all four available insecticidal Bt proteins has been detected in four provinces of Canada since 2018. Eviden...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/3/160 |
| _version_ | 1797240605701570560 |
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| author | Thomas W. Sappington |
| author_facet | Thomas W. Sappington |
| author_sort | Thomas W. Sappington |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The European corn borer (<i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>, Hübner) has been managed successfully in North America since 1996 with transgenic Bt-corn. However, field-evolved resistance to all four available insecticidal Bt proteins has been detected in four provinces of Canada since 2018. Evidence suggests resistance may be spreading and evolving independently in scattered hotspots. Evolution and spread of resistance are functions of gene flow, and therefore dispersal, so design of effective resistance management and mitigation plans must take insect movement into account. Recent advances in characterizing European corn borer movement ecology have revealed a number of surprises, chief among them that a large percentage of adults disperse from the natal field via true migratory behavior, most before mating. This undermines a number of common key assumptions about adult behavior, patterns of movement, and gene flow, and stresses the need to reassess how ecological data are interpreted and how movement in models should be parameterized. While many questions remain concerning adult European corn borer movement ecology, the information currently available is coherent enough to construct a generalized framework useful for estimating the spatial scale required to implement possible Bt-resistance prevention, remediation, and mitigation strategies, and to assess their realistic chances of success. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:10:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3a4064d71557434b8982270c5aef4ada |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:10:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a4064d71557434b8982270c5aef4ada2024-03-27T13:47:13ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502024-02-0115316010.3390/insects15030160Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-CornThomas W. Sappington0Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50011, USAThe European corn borer (<i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>, Hübner) has been managed successfully in North America since 1996 with transgenic Bt-corn. However, field-evolved resistance to all four available insecticidal Bt proteins has been detected in four provinces of Canada since 2018. Evidence suggests resistance may be spreading and evolving independently in scattered hotspots. Evolution and spread of resistance are functions of gene flow, and therefore dispersal, so design of effective resistance management and mitigation plans must take insect movement into account. Recent advances in characterizing European corn borer movement ecology have revealed a number of surprises, chief among them that a large percentage of adults disperse from the natal field via true migratory behavior, most before mating. This undermines a number of common key assumptions about adult behavior, patterns of movement, and gene flow, and stresses the need to reassess how ecological data are interpreted and how movement in models should be parameterized. While many questions remain concerning adult European corn borer movement ecology, the information currently available is coherent enough to construct a generalized framework useful for estimating the spatial scale required to implement possible Bt-resistance prevention, remediation, and mitigation strategies, and to assess their realistic chances of success.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/3/160<i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i>resistanceinsect resistance managementdispersalpartial migrationranging |
| spellingShingle | Thomas W. Sappington Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn Insects <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i> resistance insect resistance management dispersal partial migration ranging |
| title | Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn |
| title_full | Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn |
| title_fullStr | Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn |
| title_full_unstemmed | Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn |
| title_short | Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn |
| title_sort | critical facets of european corn borer adult movement ecology relevant to mitigating field resistance to bt corn |
| topic | <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i> resistance insect resistance management dispersal partial migration ranging |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/15/3/160 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thomaswsappington criticalfacetsofeuropeancornboreradultmovementecologyrelevanttomitigatingfieldresistancetobtcorn |