Long-term impact of biofertilization on soil health and nutritional quality of organic basmati rice in a typic ustchrept soil of India
Healthy soils are the foundation for producing healthy food and creating a healthy environment. Therefore, we assessed the changes in the physical and chemical properties of soil, and their long-term impact on yield, quality, and nutritional status of rice grains in an organic basmati rice-based cro...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1031844/full |
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| author | Anita Kumawat Anita Kumawat Dinesh Kumar Y. S. Shivay Arti Bhatia I. Rashmi Devideen Yadav Ashok Kumar |
| author_facet | Anita Kumawat Anita Kumawat Dinesh Kumar Y. S. Shivay Arti Bhatia I. Rashmi Devideen Yadav Ashok Kumar |
| author_sort | Anita Kumawat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Healthy soils are the foundation for producing healthy food and creating a healthy environment. Therefore, we assessed the changes in the physical and chemical properties of soil, and their long-term impact on yield, quality, and nutritional status of rice grains in an organic basmati rice-based cropping system in a typic Ustchrept Soil of India. The experiment was laid out in a strip plot design with three replications. The vertical strips consisted of two rice-based cropping systems, namely, basmati rice-wheat-mung bean (RWM) and basmati rice-wheat-sesbania (RWS), whereas seven combinations of different organic materials and biofertilizers (BF) were assigned to horizontal strips, viz., control (no manure application), farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), FYM + crop residues (CR), VC + CR, FYM + CR + BF, and VC + CR + BF. The results revealed that soil moisture content (SMC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total N, and soil available P, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were significantly higher under the RWS system than in RWM. The application of organic manures either alone or in conjunction with CR and BF significantly lowered the soil pH (∼3.0%), EC (43.1%–45.8%), and BD (3.3%–9.2%) as compared to the control. Water holding capacity (WHC), SMC, and SOC were increased by 5.7%–14.7%, 8.7%–49.3%, and 35.3%–76.5%, respectively under single or co-application of FYM/VC with CRs and BFs as compared to control. Similarly, sole or conjoint application of organic manures, CR, and BF significantly enhanced the soil available macro (N, P, and K) and micro (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu) nutrients over the control. Grain yield, protein content, N uptake, and cooking quality parameters were significantly higher under the RWS system than under RWM. However, the Zn concentration and its uptake by grains were significantly higher under the RWM system over RWS. The grain yield was significantly increased by 25.8%–49.2% under different organic nutrient management options over control. The single or conjoint application of FYM/VC with CR and BF increased the hulling, milling, head rice recovery, and protein concentration in grain by 9.4%–9.8%, 23.2%–28.4%, 22.7%–25.5%, and 9.6%–10.7%, respectively over control. The concentration of N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu was significantly improved by 9.7%–11.3%, 45.5%–63.6%, 16.7%–20.8%, 66.9%–74.1%, 72.9%–81.9%, 87.1%–97.0%, and 48.9%–67.2%, respectively under co-application of FYM/VC with CR and BF compared to control. Thus, our results indicate that improved soil properties could significantly increase the physical and nutritional quality of basmati rice grain. Therefore, adopting basmati rice-based cropping systems with different organic nutrient sources can sustain soil health, end global hunger, produce nutritious food, and create a healthy environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:22:12Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T05:22:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3a4faacbef9443169cfc8e26947ad4712023-03-08T06:50:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2023-03-011110.3389/fenvs.2023.10318441031844Long-term impact of biofertilization on soil health and nutritional quality of organic basmati rice in a typic ustchrept soil of IndiaAnita Kumawat0Anita Kumawat1Dinesh Kumar2Y. S. Shivay3Arti Bhatia4I. Rashmi5Devideen Yadav6Ashok Kumar7Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, IndiaDivision of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaDivision of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaCentre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, IndiaICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, IndiaHealthy soils are the foundation for producing healthy food and creating a healthy environment. Therefore, we assessed the changes in the physical and chemical properties of soil, and their long-term impact on yield, quality, and nutritional status of rice grains in an organic basmati rice-based cropping system in a typic Ustchrept Soil of India. The experiment was laid out in a strip plot design with three replications. The vertical strips consisted of two rice-based cropping systems, namely, basmati rice-wheat-mung bean (RWM) and basmati rice-wheat-sesbania (RWS), whereas seven combinations of different organic materials and biofertilizers (BF) were assigned to horizontal strips, viz., control (no manure application), farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC), FYM + crop residues (CR), VC + CR, FYM + CR + BF, and VC + CR + BF. The results revealed that soil moisture content (SMC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total N, and soil available P, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu were significantly higher under the RWS system than in RWM. The application of organic manures either alone or in conjunction with CR and BF significantly lowered the soil pH (∼3.0%), EC (43.1%–45.8%), and BD (3.3%–9.2%) as compared to the control. Water holding capacity (WHC), SMC, and SOC were increased by 5.7%–14.7%, 8.7%–49.3%, and 35.3%–76.5%, respectively under single or co-application of FYM/VC with CRs and BFs as compared to control. Similarly, sole or conjoint application of organic manures, CR, and BF significantly enhanced the soil available macro (N, P, and K) and micro (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu) nutrients over the control. Grain yield, protein content, N uptake, and cooking quality parameters were significantly higher under the RWS system than under RWM. However, the Zn concentration and its uptake by grains were significantly higher under the RWM system over RWS. The grain yield was significantly increased by 25.8%–49.2% under different organic nutrient management options over control. The single or conjoint application of FYM/VC with CR and BF increased the hulling, milling, head rice recovery, and protein concentration in grain by 9.4%–9.8%, 23.2%–28.4%, 22.7%–25.5%, and 9.6%–10.7%, respectively over control. The concentration of N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu was significantly improved by 9.7%–11.3%, 45.5%–63.6%, 16.7%–20.8%, 66.9%–74.1%, 72.9%–81.9%, 87.1%–97.0%, and 48.9%–67.2%, respectively under co-application of FYM/VC with CR and BF compared to control. Thus, our results indicate that improved soil properties could significantly increase the physical and nutritional quality of basmati rice grain. Therefore, adopting basmati rice-based cropping systems with different organic nutrient sources can sustain soil health, end global hunger, produce nutritious food, and create a healthy environment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1031844/fullbasmati ricegrain qualitymicronutrientsorganic nutrient managementsoil health |
| spellingShingle | Anita Kumawat Anita Kumawat Dinesh Kumar Y. S. Shivay Arti Bhatia I. Rashmi Devideen Yadav Ashok Kumar Long-term impact of biofertilization on soil health and nutritional quality of organic basmati rice in a typic ustchrept soil of India Frontiers in Environmental Science basmati rice grain quality micronutrients organic nutrient management soil health |
| title | Long-term impact of biofertilization on soil health and nutritional quality of organic basmati rice in a typic ustchrept soil of India |
| title_full | Long-term impact of biofertilization on soil health and nutritional quality of organic basmati rice in a typic ustchrept soil of India |
| title_fullStr | Long-term impact of biofertilization on soil health and nutritional quality of organic basmati rice in a typic ustchrept soil of India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term impact of biofertilization on soil health and nutritional quality of organic basmati rice in a typic ustchrept soil of India |
| title_short | Long-term impact of biofertilization on soil health and nutritional quality of organic basmati rice in a typic ustchrept soil of India |
| title_sort | long term impact of biofertilization on soil health and nutritional quality of organic basmati rice in a typic ustchrept soil of india |
| topic | basmati rice grain quality micronutrients organic nutrient management soil health |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1031844/full |
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